Table 2.
Yearly average real wages (gross), number of jobs and number of first jobs by workforce sub-group
| Categories | Subgroups | Labour market variables | 1983 | 1993 | 2003 | 2013 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Average Real Wage | 17,626 | 20,129 | 18,111 | 17,040 | 16,971 | |
| Number of First Jobs | 6,643,516 | 9,142,393 | 12,630,946 | 13,489,724 | 14,830,056 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 6,987,301 | 9,920,339 | 15,099,242 | 16,810,611 | 19,378,263 | ||
| Occupation | Trainee | Average Real Wage | 7381 | 7449 | 7809 | 8540 | 8737 |
| Number of First Jobs | 359,412 | 459,197 | 775,217 | 650,119 | 705,056 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 394,058 | 558,196 | 1,005,564 | 997,419 | 1,092,714 | ||
| Blue-collar | Average Real Wage | 15,565 | 15,994 | 13,927 | 12,139 | 11,892 | |
| Number of First Jobs | 4,139,724 | 5,448,182 | 7,290,505 | 7,507,121 | 8,336,025 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 4,304,989 | 5,915,699 | 8,819,540 | 9,590,153 | 11,353,633 | ||
| White-collar | Average Real Wage | 21,609 | 26,601 | 22,565 | 21,400 | 21,998 | |
| Number of First Jobs | 2,067,665 | 3,114,180 | 4,126,493 | 4,781,543 | 5,213,611 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 2,208,584 | 3,319,380 | 4,785,366 | 5,626,490 | 6,298,740 | ||
| Manager | Average Real Wage | – | – | 54,158 | 55,271 | 58,755 | |
| Number of First Jobs | – | – | 310,204 | 432,165 | 458,048 | ||
| Number of Jobs | – | – | 347,185 | 467,760 | 505,339 | ||
| Executive | Average Real Wage | 69,229 | 99,264 | 112,994 | 118,452 | 125,573 | |
| Number of First Jobs | 76,715 | 120,834 | 128,527 | 118,776 | 117,316 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 79,670 | 127,064 | 141,587 | 128,789 | 127,837 | ||
| Gender | Male | Average Real Wage | 19,575 | 22,536 | 20,678 | 19,699 | 19,487 |
| Number of First Jobs | 4,521,452 | 5,978,812 | 7,817,494 | 7,860,608 | 8,568,385 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 4,725,507 | 6,474,057 | 9,309,306 | 9,690,644 | 11,156,455 | ||
| Female | Average Real Wage | 13,554 | 15,607 | 13,983 | 13,421 | 13,557 | |
| Number of First Jobs | 2,122,064 | 3,163,581 | 4,813,452 | 5,629,116 | 6,261,671 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 2,261,794 | 3,446,282 | 5,789,936 | 7,119,967 | 8,221,808 | ||
| Geographical Area | South | Average Real Wage | 14,626 | 16,885 | 15,385 | 12,545 | 12,493 |
| Number of First Jobs | 998,473 | 1,320,880 | 2,012,641 | 2,209,947 | 2,445,527 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 1,054,164 | 1,411,646 | 2,311,533 | 2,760,613 | 3,149,497 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 448,716 | 672,132 | 1,015,887 | 1,190,746 | 1,278,266 | ||
| Center | Average Real Wage | 18,065 | 20,919 | 18,342 | 16,770 | 16,666 | |
| Number of First Jobs | 1,291,519 | 1,781,923 | 2,465,992 | 2,772,321 | 3,089,940 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 1,364,723 | 1,916,578 | 2,929,199 | 3,474,541 | 4,029,264 | ||
| North-West | Average Real Wage | 19,597 | 22,684 | 20,330 | 19,985 | 19,946 | |
| Number of First Jobs | 2,568,139 | 3,241,840 | 4,209,843 | 4,353,810 | 4,739,277 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 2,681,517 | 3,503,732 | 5,077,166 | 5,364,486 | 6,170,386 | ||
| North-East | Average Gross Wage | 16,967 | 18,747 | 17,459 | 17,746 | 17,561 | |
| Number of First Jobs | 1,366,117 | 2,182,235 | 3,057,714 | 3,206,845 | 3,565,032 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 1,438,181 | 2,416,251 | 3,765,457 | 4,020,225 | 4,750,850 | ||
| Age Cohort | Under 30 | Average Real Wage | 12,713 | 13,980 | 11,359 | 9067 | 8494 |
| Number of First Jobs | 2,673,776 | 3,786,099 | 4,194,559 | 3,020,003 | 3,378,076 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 2,876,618 | 4,226,286 | 5,389,661 | 4,235,625 | 5,088,250 | ||
| Adults 31–50 | Average Real Wage | 21,011 | 23,942 | 20,795 | 18,496 | 18,246 | |
| Number of First Jobs | 3,055,080 | 4,258,624 | 6,885,981 | 7,827,848 | 7,737,063 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 3,175,961 | 4,543,798 | 8,001,183 | 9,518,095 | 9,881,949 | ||
| Over 50 | Average Real Wage | 21,239 | 27,662 | 26,841 | 23,552 | 23,898 | |
| Number of First Jobs | 914,660 | 1,097,670 | 1,550,406 | 2,641,873 | 3,714,917 | ||
| Number of Jobs | 934,722 | 1,150,255 | 1,708,398 | 3,056,891 | 4,408,064 |