Table 4.
Active compounds in Bupleurum chinense DC-Paeonia lactiflora Pall herb pair promote hippocampal neurogenesis and regulate BDNF levels.
| Compound | Model | Animal species | Dosage | Behaviour involved | Mechanism of action/ Main indicators |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saikosaponin A | MCAO+CUMS+isolation | Male SD rat | 5 mg/kg | SPT, OFT, BWT, FST | Weight↑, hippocampus BDNF, P-CREB↑, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, hippocampus Bax, caspase-3↓, | [68] |
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| Saikosaponin D | LPS | Male ICR mice | 0.5, 1 mg/kg | TST, OFT | Proinflammatory cytokines↓, inhibiting the activity of LPA1/RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway, relieving apoptosis of hippocampal neurons | [73] |
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| Rutin | CUMS | Adult Swiss albino mice | 100 mg/kg | OFT, SPT, EPM, NOR, BWT | Relieving hippocampal damage in CA3 area | [74] |
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| Quercetin | ERα receptor knockout | Female C57bl/6 and ERα-KO mice | 100 mg/kg | OFT, TST, FST | Number of hippocampal neurons↑, relieve hippocampal cell apoptosis, Hippocampus BDNF,P-TrKB,P-AKT,P-ERK1/2↑ | [76] |
| DMH | Male Wistar rat | 50 mg/kg | OFT, FST | Proinflammatory cytokines↓, BDNF↑, number of neurons↑, TrKB↑, β-catenin↑, incidence of rectal cancer↓, | [78] | |
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| Ferulic acid | CUMS | Male ICR mice | 20, 40 mg/kg | SPT, FST | PFC and hippocampus BDNF, Synapsin I↑, hippocampus PSD95↑ | [79] |
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| Paeoniflorin | MCAO+CUMS | Male SD rat | 5 mg/kg | BBT, SPT, OFT | Weight↑, hippocampus CA1 area BDNF, P-CREB↑ | [80] |
| CUMS | Male SD rat | 30, 60 mg/kg | SPT, FST, LAT | Number of neurons in hippocampal CA3 area↑, upregulate the ERK-CREB signaling pathway | [81] | |
| CUMS | C57BL/6 Wild-type male mice |
20 mg/kg | SPT, FST, TST | Relieve hippocampal CA1 LTP damage, hippocampus dendritic spine density, BDNF, PSD95↑ | [82] | |
| CUMS | Male SD rats | 60 mg/kg | SPT | Promote neurogenesis in the hippocampus dentate gyrus | [84] | |
Note: CUMS: chronic unpredictable mild stress; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; SPT: sucrose preference test; OFT: open field test; FST: forced swimming test; BWT: Beam walking test; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LPA-1: specific cell surface G protein–coupled receptors; ROCK: Rho-kinase; NOR: Novel object recognition test; TST: tail suspension test; TrKB: tyrosine kinase B; AKT:serine/threonine protein kinase; ERK: extracellular regulatory protein kinase; ERα: Estrogen receptor alpha; DMH: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; BBT: Beam balance test; LAT: Locomotor Activity Test; LTP: long-term potentiation.