Table 5.
Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Risk Factors Affecting Overall Survival among EBVaGC and EBVnGC Patients
| Factor | Objective | EBVaGC | EBVnGC | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||||||
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |||||
| Age | ≥60 yr | 0.448 (0.121–1.660) | 0.229 | 1.421 (0.956–2.114) | 0.083 | |||||||
| <60 yr | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| Gender | Female | 0.653 (0.175–2.430) | 0.524 | 0.920 (0.608–1.392) | 0.694 | |||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| Location | Distal | 1.686 (0.368–7.726) | 0.501 | 0.492 (0.322–0.752) | 0.001* | 0.600 (0.389–0.926) | 0.021* | |||||
| Proximal | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| Tumor size | ≥5 cm | 3.845 (1.040–14.213) | 0.044* | 1.523 (1.051–2.207) | 0.026* | |||||||
| <5 cm | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| Differentiation | Poor | 2.342 (0.513–10.700) | 0.272 | 0.701 (0.483–1.015) | 0.060 | |||||||
| Well/moderate | Reference | |||||||||||
| Histologic subtypes | CA | 11.429 (3.046–42.880) | <0.001* | NA | ||||||||
| LELC/CLR | Reference | |||||||||||
| Lauren’s type | Diffuse/mixed | 0.595 (0.183–1.935) | 0.388 | 1.332 (0.917–1.934) | 0.132 | |||||||
| Intestinal | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| LVI | Present | 4.220 (1.269–14.033) | 0.019* | 2.850 (1.834–4.428) | 0.000* | 1.764 (1.081–2.874) | 0.023* | |||||
| Absent | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| PI | Present | 35.446 (0.195–6,448.173) | 0.179 | 3.318 (1.893–5.816) | 0.000* | |||||||
| Absent | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| pTumor depth | pT3/4 | 5.962 (0.768–46.273) | 0.088 | 4.589 (2.319–9.080) | 0.000* | 2.475 (1.189–5.155) | 0.015* | |||||
| pT1/2 | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| pLNM | Present | 12.635 (1.612–97.469) | 0.016* | 3.835 (1.938–7.588) | 0.000* | |||||||
| Absent | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| pTNM stage | III/IV | 19.174 (2.460–149.446) | 0.005* | 16.294 (2.087–127.210) | 0.008* | 4.687 (2.790–7.875) | 0.000* | 2.364 (1.279–4.386) | 0.006* | |||
| I/II | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| PD-L1 | Positive | 0.167 (0.048–0.581) | 0.005* | 0.907 (0.591–1.391) | 0.654 | |||||||
| Negative | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| STING | Positive | 0.240 (0.072–0.804) | 0.021* | 1.629 (1.118-2.373) | 0.011* | 1.616 (1.106–2.358) | 0.013* | |||||
| Negative | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| PD-L1 & STING | Double negative | 5.932 (1.830–19.228) | 0.003* | 4.570 (1.430–14.608) | 0.010* | 1.248 (0.952–1.635) | 0.108 | |||||
| Other | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; GC, gastric cancer; EBVaGC, EBV-associated GC; EBVnGC, EBV-negative GC; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; LVI, lymphatic vascular invasion; PI, perineural invasion; LNM, lymph node metastasis; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; STING, stimulator of interferon genes; CA, conventional adenocarcinoma; LELC, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma; CLR, adenocarcinoma with Crohn’s disease-like lymphocytic reaction; NA, not available.
*Statistically significant, p<0.05.