Table 3.

Factors Associated with Intestinal Resection in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

Variable	Entire patients (n=1,175)
	Univariate HR (95% CI)	p-value*	Multivariable HR (95% CI)	p-value
Sex			Not included
Male	Reference
Female	1.28 (0.76–1.60)	0.598
Cohort
2009–2011	Reference		Reference
2012–2019	0.58 (0.41–0.83)	0.003	0.73 (0.51–1.04)	0.085
Age at diagnosis			Not included
≤16 yr (A1)	Reference
17–40 yr (A2)	1.26 (0.73–2.16)	0.404
>40 yr (A3)	1.16 (0.52–2.57)	0.724
Family history of IBD			Not included
No	Reference
Yes	1.13 (0.42–3.07)	0.805
Smoking status at diagnosis
Never smoker	Reference		Reference
Ex-smoker	1.31 (0.73–2.32)	0.368	1.51 (0.83–2.74)	0.176
Current smoker	1.56 (1.03–2.33)	0.032	1.42 (0.93–2.16)	0.100
Disease location at diagnosis
Ileum (L1)	Reference		Reference
Colon (L2)	0.33 (0.12– 0.92)	0.034	0.48 (0.17–1.32)	0.155
Ileocolon (L3)	0.70 (0.49– 0.98)	0.040	0.94 (0.66–1.35)	0.736
Perianal modifier at diagnosis	0.66 (0.46– 0.92)	0.015	0.90 (0.63–1.28)	0.549
Disease behavior at diagnosis
Nonstricturing, nonpenetrating (B1)	Reference		Reference
Stricturing (B2)	4.55 (2.90–7.15)	<0.001	4.15 (2.61–6.61)	<0.001
Penetrating (B3)	6.70 (4.62–9.70)	<0.001	5.05 (3.43–7.43)	<0.001
Early use of systemic corticosteroids	0.74 (0.52–1.06)	0.098	1.10 (0.76–1.61)	0.616
Early use of thiopurines	0.27 (0.19–0.39)	0.014	0.35 (0.23–0.51)	<0.001
Early use of anti-TNF agents	0.41 (0.18–0.94)	0.035	0.67 (0.29–1.55)	0.349
Early combined use of anti-TNF agent and thiopurine	0.49 (0.18–1.32)	0.158	Not included

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

*Variables with p<0.1 from the univariate model were included in the multivariable model.