Figure 3.

Illustration of the interactive visualization tool for a select set of ventilation criteria: minimum Fio₂ (ΔminFio₂) greater than or equal to 20%, minimum positive end-expiratory pressure (ΔminPEEP) greater than or equal to 6 (n = 14,517; ventilator-associated condition [VAC] = 274; no ventilator-associated condition [VAC] = 14,243). On each heatmap, the cell surrounded by a blue box corresponds to the criteria selected in this example (ΔminFio₂ ≥ 20, ΔminPEEP ≥ 6). Of note, the detrimental effects of VAC occurrence during the ICU stay are more pronounced than in the preceding example (ΔminFio₂ ≥ 20, ΔminPEEP ≥ 3)—across all three outcomes. The upper left plot represents the Kaplan-Meier survival curves among patients with VAC versus patients without VAC (non-VAC) resulting from the selected set of clinical criteria, whereas the upper right heatmap illustrates variability in mortality odds ratios across changes in PEEP and Fio₂. In addition, the lower panels showcase differences in ICU (left) and hospital (right) length of stay outcomes. Although the estimated Kaplan-Meier survival curve pertaining to VAC patients presents wider confidence intervals than in the first/previous/preceding example, the estimated probabilities of survival for VAC and non-VAC patients clearly separate until the end of follow-up (i.e. 28 d, p < 0.001).