Figure 1.

Manufacturing flow for the 3D printed abdominal cavity. (A) For adult patients, only the intra-abdominal cavity of the right hemi-abdomen is outlined with a slice distance of 2–3 cm based on the computed tomography. (B) For pediatric patients and adult patients who are planned to receive left liver, the whole intra-abdominal cavity is outlined based on the computed tomography. The slice distance was 1–2 cm in pediatric patients. (C) The outlines were modeled and printed with a thickness of 2 mm and assembled with a pillar and footing to manufacture a cost-effective and time-saving model of intra-abdominal cavity.