Table 9.
3D printing technologies for oral drug dosage form
| 3D printing technology | API | Formulation | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tablet Material jetting |
Naproxen | Polyethylene glycol (PEG) | Controlled release | [36] |
| Fenofibrate | Beeswax, potassium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium lauryl sulfate | Controlled release | [37] | |
| Thiamine hydrochloride | Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), glycerol, deionized water | Immediate release | [45] | |
| Ropinirole hydrochloride | Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), Irgacure 2959 photoinitator (BASF) | Release mechanism | [46] | |
| Binder jetting | Chlorphenamine maleate, fluorescein disodium salt | Eudragit E-100, Eudragit RLPO, lactose, ethanol, acetone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), Tween 20 in deionized water | Multiple mechanism Delayed release |
[33] |
| Chlorpheniramine maleate, diclofenac | Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Eudragit E-100, Eudragit RLPO, Eudragit L100, ethanol, acetone | Multiple mechanism | [34] | |
| Captopril | Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), maltitol, maltodextrin, water | Rapidly dispersing tablet | [47] | |
| Paracetamol, alizarin yellow | Colloidal silicon dioxide (SiO2), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30, mannitol, lactose | Fast-dissolving drug | [48] | |
| Levetiracetam | Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), glycerin, Tween 80, povidone, sucralose | Rapidly dispersing dosage form | [49] | |
| Acetaminophen | Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E100 (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP), colloidal silicon dioxide | Zero-order release kinetics | [50] | |
| Acetaminophen | Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E50 (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), sodium lauryl sulfate, stearic acid, Eudragit RS-100, fluorescein, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP), colloidal silicon dioxide | Zero-order release kinetics | [51] | |
| Filament extrusion | Felodipine | Polyethylene glycol (PEG), polysorbate (Tween 80), polyethylene oxide, Eudragit EPO, soluplus, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Controlled release | [38] |
| Theophylline | Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), triacetin, sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone | Immediate release | [39] | |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | Triethyl citrate (TEC), tri-Calcium phosphate (TCP), Eudragit E | Design with perforating channels of increasing width | [40] | |
| 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA), 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). | Modified release | [41] | |
| Dipyridamole | Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), ethanol | Intragastric floating tablet, sustained release | [43] | |
| Domperidone | Hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC), BaSo4 | Intragastric floating tablet | [44] | |
| Theophylline | Eudragit RL100, Eudragit RS100, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), triethyl citrate (TEC), triacetin | Immediate and extended release | [52] | |
| Prednisolone | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glycerol, acetonitrile, methanol | Extended release | [53] | |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), mannitol, polylactic acid (PLA) | Controlled release | [54] | |
| Nitrofurantoin | Polylactic acid (PLA), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) | Controlled release | [55] | |
| Nitrofurantoin | Hydroxyapatite, polylactic acid (PLA) | Controlled release | [56] | |
| Paracetamol | Hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS): grades LG, MG and HG, methylparaben, magnesium stearate | Modified release | [57] | |
| Acetaminophen | Hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), Soluplus, Eudragit L100 | Controlled release | [58] | |
| 5-ASA, captopril, theophylline, prednisolone | Eudragit, triethyl citrate (TEC), tri-calcium phosphate (TCP), talc, microcrystalline cellulose (MMC) | Immediate release | [59] | |
| Glipizide | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Controlled release | [60] | |
| Cinnarizine | Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), vinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP VA 64) | Controlled release | [61] | |
| Haloperidol | Acid-base supersolubilization (ABS), Kollidon VA64, Affinisol 15cP | Slow release | [62] | |
| Isoniazid, rifampicin | Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMC – AS) | Controlled release | [63] | |
| Syringe extrusion | Guaifenesin | Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), poly acrylic acid (PAA), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), sodium starch glycolate | Bi-layers tablets for respiratory tract infections | [64] |
| Nifedipine, captopril, glipizide | Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, NaCl, polyethylene glycol 6000, tromethamine, D-mannitol, cellulose acetate | Multi-active (Polypill) | [65] | |
| Hydrochlorothiazide, aspirin, pravastatin, atenolol, ramipril | Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 600, D-mannitol, cellulose acetate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), lactose, sodium starch glycolate, polyvinyl pyrrolidine | Multi-active (Polypill) | [66] | |
| Curcumin, chloramphenicol | Sodium alginate-cellulose nanofibers (SA- CNF) | Controlled release | [67] | |
| Stereolithography | Paracetamol, 4-ASA | Polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) | Modified release | [68] |
| Ibuprofen, riboflavin | Polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), triethanolamine (TEA), diphenyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide (DPPO), water | Controlled release | [69] | |
| Digital light processing | 5-fluorouracil | Acrylic acid (AA), polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), acrylated hyperbranched polyester (AHBPE) | Controlled release | [70] |
| Selective laser sintering | Paracetamol | Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), vinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate copolymer, candurin | Fast drug release | [71] |
| Paracetamol | Kollicoat IR, Eudragit L100–55, candurin | Immediate/modified release | [72] | |
| Caplet Filament extrusion |
Budesonide | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Controlled release | [42] |
| Paracetamol or caffeine | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Drug release of PVA based caplets | [73] | |
| Acetaminophen | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (KIR), glycerol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyethylene glycol (PEG), hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) | Two-pulse oral drug delivery | [74] | |
| Oral film Material jetting |
Rasagiline mesylate | Propylene glycol (PG), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), crospovidone, glycerol, water | Fast disintegration and dissolution | [75] |
| Loperamide or caffeine | Propylene glycol (PG), ethanol, water | Fast disintegration and dissolution | [76] | |
| Prednisolone | Ethanol, water, glycerol | Fast disintegration and dissolution | [77] | |
| Riboflavin sodium phosphate | Glycerol, water | Modified release | [78] | |
| Sodium picosulfate | Tesa, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), gelatin, Listerine, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with 2% TiO2 (HPMCT), gelatin with 2% TiO2, hydrophilic microcrystalline cellulose (pMCC) | Modified release | [79] | |
| Enalapril maleate | Macrogol 400, water, methanol | Modified release | [80] | |
| Binder jetting | Levetiracetam | Undisclosed formula | Fast disintegration and dissolution | [81] |
| Filament extrusion | Aripiprazole | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Fast disintegration and dissolution | [82] |
| Syringe extrusion | Warfarin sodium | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), ethanol, water | Modified release | [83] |
| Saquinavir | Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), malic acid, glycerol, water | Controlled release | [84] |