Example of an individual MS patient MRI study time series. First row: Registered FLAIR axial reformations from the four study MRIs display lesion load in this slice at the different time-points. Second row: FLAIR and AFIL labeled lesion mask. Each lesion is coded with an individual color, kept constant throughout the four study time-points. Baseline lesions # 17, 18 and 19 represent permanent lesions visible in this slice (connecting line), while lesions # 30, 31, 55, 57 are new lesions after 3 (#30, 31) and 12 (#55, 57) months, respectively. Third row: Color-coded Myelin-Water-Fraction (MWF)-map of the same slice demonstrating MWF baseline status and MWF development of those lesions over time. Bottom section: The MWF development of all 24 T2 lesions existing at baseline in this patient is displayed in a bar graph with values of all four time-points per lesion. The healthy control median MWF in WM is marked (* median MWF healthy controls = 0.23; IQR = 0.039). This exemplary case demonstrates a median reduction of MWF within the majority of T2 lesions. A minor subset of lesions revealed MWF levels comparable to MWF of healthy control WM (Fig. 3 lesion # 9, 14, 15, 23). Moreover, lesions of low volumes < 0.20 ml resolved (# 2, 12, 15) and reappeared (# 20) in this example patient; assumedly because of small size at the detection limit or/and volume changes. Whereas most lesions revealed variable MWF values over time, here lesion 13 showed a permanent loss in MWF.