Fig. 1.

(A) Delay discounting fMRI paradigm. On each trial, participants chose between two options: an immediate monetary reward, fixed at $20 on every trial, and a delayed monetary reward, which varied in amount and delay across trials. Participants had 4 s to respond, and the chosen option was underlined to indicate their choice. Each trial was followed by an inter-trial interval (ITI) that ranged from 2 to 20 s. (B) Discount rate, log(k), did not differ by primary diagnosis (F(3,77) = 0.28, p = 0.84). (C) Discount rate was not correlated with CAINS MAP (r = 0.034, p = 0.78).Note: log(k) = individual discount rate, HC = healthy control (○), MDD = major depressive disorder (△), BD = bipolar disorder (□), SCZ = schizophrenia (+), CAINS MAP = Motivation and Pleasure subscale score of the CAINS.