Fig. 5.

Topography and imaging appearance of cortical lesions. (A) Cortical lesions are commonly divided into leukocortical, intracortical, and subpial subtypes. Leptomeningeal aggregates of inflammatory cells are associated with subpial lesions, whereas inflammation in leukocortical and intracortical lesions is thought to originate from central parenchymal veins. The panel was created with BioRender.com. 7-tesla T2*-weighted (B–D) and T1-weighted (E–G) scans are the most sensitive known methods for cortical lesion detection on in vivo MRI. These high resolution (0.5 mm isotropic) images also allow visualization of cortical lesion morphology, including lesion borders at the cortex-white matter junction (B, C, E, F) and lesions with different signal intensity in the cortical vs white matter portions of the lesion (D, G).