Table 1.
Studies Characteristics.
| Author (year) | Patient characteristics |
Follow-up (median) |
Study | Outcome | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inclusion criteria | Radiotherapy | Country | Size | Type | Intervention | Comparator | Survival | GI | GU | ||
| Becker-Schiebe 2016 [49] | Localized (T1-T4) | 3D-CRT/ IMRT |
Germany | 55.4mo | 198 | RCS | Daily IG-S | Non-IG | X | ✓ | ✓ |
| Chung 2009 [50] | High-risk (T1c-T3) | IMRT | Singapore and USA | <1yr | 25 | RCS | Daily IG-R | Non-IG | X | Rectal | X |
| de Crevoisier 2018 [23] | Localized | 3D-CRT/ IMRT |
France | 4.1 yr | 470 | RCT | Daily IG-S | Weekly IG-S | BFFS, OS, SCM | X | X |
| Ghanem 2021 [45] | Intermediate and high-risk localized | IMRT/Arc | Egypt | IG: 3.7 yr Non: 11.2 yr | 257 | PCS | Daily IG-S | Non-IG | X | ✓ | ✓ |
| Gill 2011 [46] | T1-T4 | CRT/IMRT | Australia | 4 yr | 275 | PCS | Daily IG-S | Non-IG | X | ✓ | ✓ |
| Jereczek-fossa 2018 [47] | localized T1-T3 | 3D-CRT | Italy | 85mo | 353 | PCS | Daily IG-S | Non-IG | OS | X | ✓ |
| Kok 2013 [21] | Localized (T1-T3) | 3D-CRT/ IMRT |
Australia | 22mo | 554 | RCS | Daily IG-S | Non-IG | BFFS | ✓ | ✓ |
| Kuo 2021 [51] | Localized (T1-T4) | 3D-CRT/ IMRT |
China | 50mo | 836 | RCS | Daily IG | Non-IG | OS, SCM | X | X |
| Murray 2020 [44] | Localized (pT1b-T3aN0M0) | IMRT | UK | 56.9mo | 293 | RCT | Daily IG-R | Daily IG-S, Non-IG | X | X | ✓ |
| Singh 2013 [18] | localized prostate (T1-T3N0M0) | 3D-CRT | Australia | 17 mo | 266 | RCS | Daily IG-R | Non-IG | X | X | ✓ |
| Stuk 2021 [52] | localized | IMRT | Czech | IG: 31.7mo Non: 60mo |
469 | RCS | Daily IG-R | Non-IG | X | ✓ | ✓ |
| Sveistrup 2014 [22] | high-risk | 3D-CRT/ IMRT/arc |
Denmark | IG: 3.5 yr Non: 8.2 yr |
503 | RCS | Daily IG-R | Non-IG | BFFS | ✓ | ✓ |
| Tøndel 2018 [19] | intermediate or high risk non-metastatic | 3D-CRT | Norway | greater than5yr | 257 | RCT | Daily IG-R | Weekly IG-S | X | ✓ | ✓ |
| Valeriani 2013 [53] | Intermediate-risk (T2b-T2c) | 3D-CRT | Italy | 31mo | 105 | RCS | Daily IG-R | Non-IG | X | Rectal | ✓ |
| Wortel 2015 and 2016 [43], [48] | localized | 3D-CRT/ IMRT |
Netherlands | IG: 57mo Non: 62mo |
431 | PCS | Daily IG-R | Non-IG | X | ✓ | ✓ |
| Zapatero 2017 [54] | Localized (T1c-T4N0M0) | 3D-CRT/ IMRT |
Spain | 75mo | 733 | RCS | IG-S | Non-IG | X | X | ✓ |
| Zelefsky 2012 [55] | Localized (T1-T3) | IMRT | USA | 2.8 yr | 376 | RCS | Daily IG-S | Non-IG | PRFS | Rectal | ✓ |
| Zhong 2014 [56] | Localized (T1-T3) | IMRT | China | 4.8 yr | 127 | RCS | 1–2 times weekly IG-S | Non-IG | PRFS | Rectal | ✓ |
Abbreviations: 3D-CRT = three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy; IMRT = intensity-modulated radiation therapy; Arc = volumetric modulated arc therapy; RCS = retrospective cohort study; RCT = randomized controlled trial; PCS = prospective cohort study; IG-S = image-guided radiotherapy with standard CTV-PTV margins; IG-R = image-guided radiotherapy with reduced CTV-PTV margins; BFFS = biochemical failure-free survival; OS = overall survival; SCM = second cancer mortality; PRFS = prostate specific antigen relapse free survival; GI = gastrointestinal; GU = genitourinary; NR = not reported.