Table 1.
Patient characteristics of the study cohort
| Variable | Overall cohort (n = 214) |
Derivation set (n = 150) |
Test set (n = 64) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient demographics | ||||
| Age, y | 53.0 (44.0–61.0) | 53.0 (44.0–61.3) | 53.5 (46.3–60.0) | 0.864 |
| Sex (male/female) | 181/33 | 130/20 | 51/13 | 0.196 |
| Etiology | 0.218 | |||
| HBV | 195 (91.1) | 140 (93.3) | 55 (85.9) | |
| HCV | 3 (1.4) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | |
| HBV and HCV | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.6) | |
| Others | 14 (6.5) | 7 (4.7) | 7 (10.9) | |
| Cirrhosis† | 103 (48.8) | 72 (48.3) | 31 (50.0) | 0.824 |
| Laboratory index | ||||
| AST, IU/L | 0.494 | |||
| ≤ 40 | 133 (62.1) | 91 (60.7) | 42 (65.6) | |
| > 40 | 81 (37.9) | 59 (39.3) | 22 (34.4) | |
| ALT, IU/L | 0.223 | |||
| ≤ 50 | 155 (72.4) | 105 (70.0) | 50 (78.1) | |
| > 50 | 59 (27.6) | 45 (30.0) | 14 (21.9) | |
| TBIL, μmol/L | 0.899 | |||
| ≤ 19 | 166 (77.6) | 116 (77.3) | 50 (78.1) | |
| >19 | 48 (22.4) | 34 (22.7) | 14 (21.9) | |
| ALB, g/L | 0.081 | |||
| ≥ 40 | 164 (76.6) | 110 (73.3) | 54 (84.4) | |
| < 40 | 50 (23.4) | 40 (26.7) | 10 (15.6) | |
| PLT, x 10^9/L | 0.430 | |||
| ≥ 100 | 163 (76.2) | 112 (74.7) | 51 (79.7) | |
| < 100 | 51 (23.8) | 38 (25.3) | 13 (20.3) | |
| PT, seconds | 0.463 | |||
| ≤ 13 | 183 (85.5) | 130 (86.7) | 53 (82.8) | |
| > 13 | 31 (14.5) | 20 (13.3) | 11 (17.2) | |
| Child-Pugh grade | 1.000 | |||
| A | 211 (98.6) | 148 (98.7) | 63 (98.4) | |
| B | 3 (1.4) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | |
| ALBI grade | 0.130 | |||
| 1 | 134 (62.6) | 88 (58.7) | 46 (71.9) | |
| 2 | 77 (36.0) | 60 (40.0) | 17 (26.6) | |
| 3 | 3 (1.4) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | |
| Serum AFP level, ng/mL | 0.681 | |||
| ≤ 400 | 153 (71.5) | 106 (70.7) | 47 (73.4) | |
| > 400 | 61 (28.5) | 44 (29.3) | 17 (26.6) | |
| Tumor diameter, cm | 4.1 (2.4–7.1) | 4.0 (2.4–7.2) | 4.4 (2.4–6.3) | 0.956 |
| Tumor number | 0.181 | |||
| 1 | 145 (67.8) | 107 (71.3) | 38 (59.4) | |
| 2 or 3 | 39 (18.2) | 23 (15.3) | 16 (25.0) | |
| > 3 | 30 (14.0) | 20 (13.3) | 10 (15.6) | |
| Histopathologic characteristic | ||||
| MVI | 97 (45.3) | 67 (44.7) | 30 (46.9) | 0.766 |
| Tumor differentiation | 0.515 | |||
| Well | 3 (1.4) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | |
| Moderate | 139 (65.0) | 94 (62.7) | 45 (70.3) | |
| Poor | 72 (33.6) | 54 (36.0) | 18 (28.1) | |
| Surgical margin (R0) | 214 (100.0) | 150 (100.0) | 64 (100.0) | … |
| Clinical outcome | ||||
| Recurrence | 104 (48.6) | 74 (49.3) | 30 (46.9) | 0.742 |
| Recurrence-free survival‡ | 0.845 | |||
| 2-year rate, % | 54.0 (62.0, 47.1) | 53.0 (62.8, 44.7) | 56.4 (71.2, 44.7) | |
| 5-year rate, % | 38.2 (48.0, 30.5) | 35.9 (48.3, 26.7) | 43.1 (61.5, 30.2) | |
| Median, months | 30.8 (19.6, 45.2) | 29.3 (18.4, 51.6) | 40.0 (14.8, NA) | |
Data are expressed as n (%) or median (interquartile range)
HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; ALB, albumin; PLT, platelet; PT, prothrombin time; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; MVI, microvascular invasion; NA, not applicable
†Cirrhosis was diagnosed by the histopathologic examination and available in 211 (98.6%), 149 (99.3%), and 62 (96.9%) patients, respectively
‡Numbers in parentheses are the 95% confidence interval