Table 1.

Interventions tested by studies included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis (n = 47* studies), stratified by publication period and geographical region.

	Larviciding				Biological control		Environmental management/rice cultivation practices		Total
	Oils and surface agents	Synthetic organic chemicals	Biological larvicides	Insect growth regulator	Fish	Copepod, Azolla, neem	Irrigation	Other: land preparation, water height, plant height
Publication period
1941–1950		1					2		3
1951–1960		1							1
1961–1970									0
1971–1980	1	3			1				5
1981–1990		3	9*	1	4*		2*	2	21
1991–2000	1	1*	4*		2	3*	3*	2	16
2001–2010		1*	3*		1			2	7
2011–2021	1						1*	1*	3
Geographical region
Africa	3	2*	3*		1*		1*	3*	13
South Asia		2	2*		1*	2*	4*	1	12
America		4*	9*	1	3	1	1*	2	21
East and SE Asia		2*	2*		3		1	1	9
Europe							1		1
Total	3	10	16	1	8	3	8	7

*Studies with multiple comparisons that are treated separately here: Allen et al.⁴⁸, Bolay and Trpis⁴⁴, Djegbe et al.³⁸, Kramer et al. (1988), Palchick and Washino³⁶, Rajendran and Reuben⁴⁵, Rao et al.⁶⁸, Teng et al. (2005), and Yu et al. (1989).