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. 2022 Nov 16;12:19660. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24137-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Vĸ*MYC MM progression in mice is associated with increased expression of ARG1-expressing myeloid cells in the bone marrow and spleen and decreased serum ʟ-arg concentration. YARG mice were inoculated i.v. with 1 × 10⁶ of Vĸ*MYC cells. (A) Increase in the monoclonal protein fraction in serum protein electrophoresis (left, red arrows) and fraction 6 (monoclonal protein)-to-fraction 1 (albumins) ratio (right) in time; C—control YARG mouse not inoculated with Vĸ*MYC cells. *P = 0.0224; **P = 0.0013, ***P < 0.0001 vs week 1; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc test. (B) Percentage of MM cells (live CD45⁺B220^-CD138⁺) in the bone marrow (left) and spleen (middle left) of Vĸ*MYC-bearing mice in time evaluated in flow cytometry, ctrl—YARG mice not inoculated with Vĸ*MYC cells. *P = 0.0485; **P = 0.0001, ***P < 0.0001 vs ctrl; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc test. Representative spleen dot plots: week 2 (middle right) and week 6 (right). (C) Percentage of ARG1-expressing myeloid cells (YFP⁺CD11b⁺) in the bone marrow (left) and spleen (middle left) of Vĸ*MYC-bearing mice in time, ctrl—YARG mice not inoculated with Vĸ*MYC cells. *P = 0.0202; **P = 0.0343, ***P < 0.0001 vs ctrl; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc test. Representative spleen dot plots: week 2 (middle right) and week 6 (right). (D) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of YFP (ARG1) in the myeloid cells (live CD45⁺CD11b⁺) in the bone marrow (left) and spleen (right) of Vĸ*MYC-bearing mice in time, ctrl—YARG mice not inoculated with Vĸ*MYC cells. (left): *P = 0.0014; **P = 0.0002, ***P < 0.0001 vs ctrl; (middle left): *P = 0.0011; **P < 0.0001 vs ctrl; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc test. Representative spleen histograms: week 2 (middle right) and week 6 (right). (E) Serum concentration of ʟ-arginine (left) and ʟ-ornithine (right) in Vĸ*MYC-bearing mice in the 6th week of MM development, ctrl—YARG mice not inoculated with Vĸ*MYC cells; P-value was calculated with unpaired two-tailed t-test. All graphs present means ± SD, n = 5–9.