Table 1.

Direct NLRP3 inhibitors and their mechanisms.

Agent	Mechanism	Cell or animal model	Ref.
MNS	Inhibitory of NLRP3 ATPase activity	Bone-marrow derived macrophages	(94)
CY-09		Monocytes; mouse models of cryopyrin-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (CAPS) and type 2 diabetes	(93)
MCC950		iPSC-Derived VCP Patient Myoblasts; VCPR155H/+ Mice;mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy	(12, 86, 90, 91)
OLT1177		LPS-stimulated human blood-derived macrophages; mouse model of LPS-induced systemic inflammation	(71)
INF39		Macrophages	(78)
Compound 6		Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model	(92)
BOT-4-one		Bone-marrow derived macrophages primed with LPS	(95)
Fluoxetine		Alu RNA-induced RPE degeneration in mice	(77)
β-OHB	Inhibitory of NLRP3 oligomerization	Human monocytes were stimulated with LPS; Mouses were primed with LPS	(72)
RRx-001		RRx-001 ameliorates inflammatory diseases by acting as a potent covalent NLRP3 inhibitor	(76)
Tranilast		BMDMs from C57BL/6 mice; mouse models of gouty arthritis, cryopyrin-associated autoinflammatory syndromes, and type 2 diabetes	(96)
Oridonin		BMDMs treated with 50 ng/ml LPS	(79)