TABLE 4.

Comparisons were made by ANOVA for continuous variables and a chi-squared for categorical variables.

	OR [95% CI]
Age	1.04 [1.03–1.04]
Type of admission
Elective	0.86 [0.83–0.88]
Race
Hispanic	Reference
Black	2.05 [1.95–2.15]
White	1.91 [1.83–1.99]
Asian	1.15 [1.07–1.24]
Native American	1.60 [1.36–1.87]
Others	1.37 [1.27–1.48]
Payee status
Self-pay/other	Reference
Medicare	1.51 [1.42–1.61]
Medicaid	0.96 [0.93–1.00]
Private insurance	0.98 [0.95–1.01]
Median household income (percentile)
0–25th	Reference
25th–50th	1.05 [1.01–1.09]
50th-75th	1.02 [0.98–1.06]
75th–100	1.02 [0.98–1.07]
Comorbidities
Obesity	1.69 [1.63–1.76]
Hypertension	2.18 [2.07–2.28]
Hyperlipidemia	1.50 [1.20–1.87]
Diabetes mellitus	0.92 [0.84–1.02]
Hypothyroidism	1.50 [1.42–1.58]
CHF	7.13 [6.49–7.83]
Chronic pulmonary disease	1.92 [1.84–2.00]
Renal failure	1.26 [1.05–1.50]
Pulmonary embolus	1.55 [1.30–1.85]
Tobacco use	1.12 [1.03–1.23]
Alcohol abuse	0.75 [0.53–1.05]
Drug abuse	1.07 [0.99–1.16]
Valvular disease	12.77 [11.98–13.61]
Fluid and electrolyte disorders	6.57 [6.21–6.96]
Coagulopathy	1.94 [1.83–2.05]
Peripheral vascular disease	3.19 [2.51–4.06]
Old myocardial infarction	5.41 [4.01–7.30]

Statistical significance set at p < 0.05. CHF, Heart failure; OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage.