Table 2.
Odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p-values for various food-related behaviors 2011.
| Predictors | Food labels 1 | Regional foods 2 | Frozen fruits & vegetables 3 | Prepared fruits & vegetables 4 | Convenience foods 5 | Supplements 6 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratios | CI | p-Values | Odds ratios | CI | p-Values | Odds ratios | CI | p-Values | Odds ratios | CI | p-Values | Odds ratios | CI | p-Values | Odds ratios | CI | p-Values | |
| Education level | ||||||||||||||||||
| High | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | ||||||
| Medium | 0.55 | 0.44–0.70 | <0.001 | 0.90 | 0.71–1.15 | 0.408 | 1.21 | 0.96–1.53 | 0.104 | 1.17 | 0.93–1.49 | 0.183 | 1.28 | 1.01–1.62 | 0.045 | 0.92 | 0.72–1.16 | 0.482 |
| Low | 0.34 | 0.26–0.44 | <0.001 | 0.76 | 0.59–0.99 | 0.043 | 1.19 | 0.92–1.52 | 0.186 | 1.13 | 0.87–1.45 | 0.356 | 1.43 | 1.10–1.85 | 0.007 | 0.87 | 0.68–1.12 | 0.290 |
| Don't know | 0.43 | 0.26–0.73 | 0.002 | 1.23 | 0.72–2.10 | 0.450 | 0.72 | 0.43–1.23 | 0.236 | 0.86 | 0.51–1.45 | 0.569 | 0.83 | 0.49–1.41 | 0.490 | 0.60 | 0.35–1.03 | 0.068 |
| Income level | ||||||||||||||||||
| High | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | ||||||
| Medium | 0.77 | 0.58–1.03 | 0.075 | 1.05 | 0.78–1.40 | 0.751 | 0.97 | 0.74–1.28 | 0.840 | 1.05 | 0.79–1.39 | 0.749 | 1.38 | 1.04–1.83 | 0.026 | 0.81 | 0.61–1.08 | 0.154 |
| Low | 1.03 | 0.75–1.42 | 0.833 | 1.20 | 0.86–1.67 | 0.276 | 0.92 | 0.67–1.26 | 0.593 | 0.79 | 0.57–1.09 | 0.147 | 1.26 | 0.92–1.74 | 0.151 | 0.62 | 0.45–0.86 | 0.004 |
| No answer | 0.84 | 0.62–1.13 | 0.246 | 1.36 | 1.00–1.87 | 0.054 | 0.96 | 0.71–1.29 | 0.790 | 0.70 | 0.52–0.95 | 0.021 | 1.09 | 0.80–1.47 | 0.596 | 0.77 | 0.57–1.05 | 0.098 |
| Current occupation | ||||||||||||||||||
| Manager | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | ||||||
| Self-employed | 0.71 | 0.39–1.26 | 0.238 | 1.11 | 0.62–1.98 | 0.737 | 0.71 | 0.41–1.23 | 0.219 | 0.66 | 0.37–1.16 | 0.145 | 0.83 | 0.47–1.48 | 0.532 | 1.11 | 0.63–1.96 | 0.724 |
| White-collar employee | 0.73 | 0.44–1.21 | 0.224 | 0.87 | 0.52–1.44 | 0.582 | 0.64 | 0.39–1.03 | 0.069 | 0.74 | 0.45–1.22 | 0.241 | 1.04 | 0.62–1.73 | 0.887 | 1.21 | 0.74–2.00 | 0.456 |
| Blue-collar worker | 0.58 | 0.33–1.02 | 0.057 | 0.83 | 0.47–1.46 | 0.517 | 0.88 | 0.51–1.51 | 0.653 | 0.74 | 0.43–1.28 | 0.285 | 1.12 | 0.64–1.96 | 0.702 | 0.99 | 0.57–1.73 | 0.966 |
| Currently not working - had been working before | 0.68 | 0.40–1.14 | 0.141 | 0.77 | 0.46–1.31 | 0.337 | 0.51 | 0.31–0.83 | 0.007 | 0.62 | 0.37–1.03 | 0.063 | 0.89 | 0.53–1.51 | 0.666 | 1.22 | 0.73–2.04 | 0.447 |
| Currently not working - had never been working | 0.40 | 0.23–0.69 | 0.001 | 0.67 | 0.39–1.17 | 0.163 | 0.54 | 0.32–0.92 | 0.023 | 0.68 | 0.40–1.17 | 0.162 | 1.03 | 0.59–1.79 | 0.920 | 1.47 | 0.86–2.53 | 0.164 |
| Don't know | 0.73 | 0.18–3.03 | 0.664 | 2.91 | 0.64–14.09 | 0.170 | 1.51 | 0.37–6.26 | 0.566 | 0.52 | 0.10–2.66 | 0.424 | 1.47 | 0.34–6.31 | 0.603 | 2.62 | 0.62–11.00 | 0.182 |
| Age † | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.001 | 1.04 | 1.03–1.05 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.123 | 0.98 | 0.97–0.98 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.96–0.97 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 1.01–1.02 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | 1.00 | (referent) | ||||||
| Female | 2.56 | 2.14–3.07 | <0.001 | 1.43 | 1.19–1.71 | <0.001 | 1.33 | 1.11–1.59 | 0.002 | 0.73 | 0.61–0.87 | <0.001 | 0.66 | 0.55–0.79 | <0.001 | 1.33 | 1.11–1.59 | 0.002 |
| Observations 1,954 | ||||||||||||||||||
1“Normally, the manufacturers of the food you buy list the ingredients on the label. How often do you read these labels?” Possible answers on a 4-point Likert scale: Just about never, never/Seldom/Frequently/Very frequently, almost always.
2“I often use food items produced or grown in the region where I live.” *
3“I often use frozen vegetables and frozen fruits.” *
4“I frequently buy and/or eat prepared foods such as ready-made salads, pre-cut vegetables etc.” *
5“I often use convenience foods, canned soup etc.” *
6“I often take vitamin and mineral supplements.” *
*Possible answers on a 4-point-Likert-scale: Does not apply at all/Applies to a lesser degree/Applies to a certain degree/Applies fully and completely.
†Continuous variable.
Bold p-values indicate statistically significant association.