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. 2022 Nov 3;9:993379. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.993379

Table 2.

Odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p-values for various food-related behaviors 2011.

Predictors Food labels 1 Regional foods 2 Frozen fruits & vegetables 3 Prepared fruits & vegetables 4 Convenience foods 5 Supplements 6
Odds ratios CI p-Values Odds ratios CI p-Values Odds ratios CI p-Values Odds ratios CI p-Values Odds ratios CI p-Values Odds ratios CI p-Values
Education level
High 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent)
Medium 0.55 0.44–0.70 <0.001 0.90 0.71–1.15 0.408 1.21 0.96–1.53 0.104 1.17 0.93–1.49 0.183 1.28 1.01–1.62 0.045 0.92 0.72–1.16 0.482
Low 0.34 0.26–0.44 <0.001 0.76 0.59–0.99 0.043 1.19 0.92–1.52 0.186 1.13 0.87–1.45 0.356 1.43 1.10–1.85 0.007 0.87 0.68–1.12 0.290
Don't know 0.43 0.26–0.73 0.002 1.23 0.72–2.10 0.450 0.72 0.43–1.23 0.236 0.86 0.51–1.45 0.569 0.83 0.49–1.41 0.490 0.60 0.35–1.03 0.068
Income level
High 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent)
Medium 0.77 0.58–1.03 0.075 1.05 0.78–1.40 0.751 0.97 0.74–1.28 0.840 1.05 0.79–1.39 0.749 1.38 1.04–1.83 0.026 0.81 0.61–1.08 0.154
Low 1.03 0.75–1.42 0.833 1.20 0.86–1.67 0.276 0.92 0.67–1.26 0.593 0.79 0.57–1.09 0.147 1.26 0.92–1.74 0.151 0.62 0.45–0.86 0.004
No answer 0.84 0.62–1.13 0.246 1.36 1.00–1.87 0.054 0.96 0.71–1.29 0.790 0.70 0.52–0.95 0.021 1.09 0.80–1.47 0.596 0.77 0.57–1.05 0.098
Current occupation
Manager 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent)
Self-employed 0.71 0.39–1.26 0.238 1.11 0.62–1.98 0.737 0.71 0.41–1.23 0.219 0.66 0.37–1.16 0.145 0.83 0.47–1.48 0.532 1.11 0.63–1.96 0.724
White-collar employee 0.73 0.44–1.21 0.224 0.87 0.52–1.44 0.582 0.64 0.39–1.03 0.069 0.74 0.45–1.22 0.241 1.04 0.62–1.73 0.887 1.21 0.74–2.00 0.456
Blue-collar worker 0.58 0.33–1.02 0.057 0.83 0.47–1.46 0.517 0.88 0.51–1.51 0.653 0.74 0.43–1.28 0.285 1.12 0.64–1.96 0.702 0.99 0.57–1.73 0.966
Currently not working - had been working before 0.68 0.40–1.14 0.141 0.77 0.46–1.31 0.337 0.51 0.31–0.83 0.007 0.62 0.37–1.03 0.063 0.89 0.53–1.51 0.666 1.22 0.73–2.04 0.447
Currently not working - had never been working 0.40 0.23–0.69 0.001 0.67 0.39–1.17 0.163 0.54 0.32–0.92 0.023 0.68 0.40–1.17 0.162 1.03 0.59–1.79 0.920 1.47 0.86–2.53 0.164
Don't know 0.73 0.18–3.03 0.664 2.91 0.64–14.09 0.170 1.51 0.37–6.26 0.566 0.52 0.10–2.66 0.424 1.47 0.34–6.31 0.603 2.62 0.62–11.00 0.182
Age 1.01 1.00–1.02 0.001 1.04 1.03–1.05 <0.001 1.00 0.99–1.00 0.123 0.98 0.97–0.98 <0.001 0.96 0.96–0.97 <0.001 1.01 1.01–1.02 <0.001
Sex
Male 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent)
Female 2.56 2.14–3.07 <0.001 1.43 1.19–1.71 <0.001 1.33 1.11–1.59 0.002 0.73 0.61–0.87 <0.001 0.66 0.55–0.79 <0.001 1.33 1.11–1.59 0.002
Observations 1,954

1“Normally, the manufacturers of the food you buy list the ingredients on the label. How often do you read these labels?” Possible answers on a 4-point Likert scale: Just about never, never/Seldom/Frequently/Very frequently, almost always.

2“I often use food items produced or grown in the region where I live.” *

3“I often use frozen vegetables and frozen fruits.” *

4“I frequently buy and/or eat prepared foods such as ready-made salads, pre-cut vegetables etc.” *

5“I often use convenience foods, canned soup etc.” *

6“I often take vitamin and mineral supplements.” *

*Possible answers on a 4-point-Likert-scale: Does not apply at all/Applies to a lesser degree/Applies to a certain degree/Applies fully and completely.

Continuous variable.

Bold p-values indicate statistically significant association.