TABLE 1.

Summary of extracellular signals modulating C. albicans interactions between oral bacteria.

Molecule	Microorganism	Functional interaction with C. albicans	References
CSP	S. mutans	Inhibit hyphae and germ tube formation, keep C. albicans in yeast form, benefit to C. albicans proliferation	Jarosz et al., 2009
SDSF	S. mutans, MGS	Inhibit hyphae formation of C. albicans in early stage	Vilchez et al., 2010
farnesol	C. albicans	Low level: stimulate GtfB expression/activity and increase bacterial growth; High level: inhibit S. mutans growth	Kim et al., 2017
autoinducer-2	S. gordonii	Reduce the repressive effects of farnesol on hyphal formation of C. albicans	Bamford et al., 2009
membrane vesicles	S. mutans	Contribute to sucrose metabolism in C. albicans	Wu et al., 2020
hydrogen peroxide	S. gordonii	Oxidative and genotoxic stress; promote C. albicans filamentous growth	Bamford et al., 2009