Table 3.
Marker locations.
| Marker Name | Anatomical Location | Type | Inverse Dynamics | Segment or joint |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAC | Left acromion | Single | No | — |
| RAC | Right acromion | Single | No | — |
| LEP | Left elbow epicondyle | Single | No | — |
| REP | Right elbow epicondyle | Single | No | — |
| LWR | Left wrist | Single | No | — |
| RWR | Right wrist | Single | No | — |
| SACR | Sacrum | Single | Yes | Pelvis |
| LASI | Left anterior superior iliac spine | Single | Yes | Pelvis |
| RASI | Right anterior superior iliac spine | Single | Yes | Pelvis |
| HHL | Left Helen Hayes Davis point | Virtual | Yes | Pelvis |
| HHR | Right Helen Hayes Davis point | Virtual | Yes | Pelvis |
| LGTR | Left greater trochanter | Single | Yes | Left hip |
| RGTR | Right greater rochanter | Single | Yes | Right hip |
| LTH1 | Left thigh marker 1 | Cluster | Yes | Left thigh |
| LTH2 | Left thigh marker 2 | Cluster | Yes | Left thigh |
| LTH3 | Left thigh marker 3 | Cluster | Yes | Left thigh |
| RTH1 | Right thigh marker 1 | Cluster | Yes | Right thigh |
| RTH2 | Right thigh marker 2 | Cluster | Yes | Right thigh |
| RTH3 | Right thigh marker 3 | Cluster | Yes | Right thigh |
| LLEP | Left lateral knee epicondyle | Single | Yes | Left knee |
| LMEP | Left medial knee epicondyle | Single | Yes | Left knee |
| RLEP | Right lateral knee epicondyle | Single | Yes | Right knee |
| RMEP | Right medial knee epicondyle | Single | Yes | Right knee |
| LSH1 | Left shank marker 1 | Cluster | Yes | Left shank |
| LSH2 | Left shank marker 2 | Cluster | Yes | Left shank |
| LSH3 | Left shank marker 3 | Cluster | Yes | Left shank |
| RSH1 | Right shank marker 1 | Cluster | Yes | Right shank |
| RSH2 | Right shank marker 2 | Cluster | Yes | Right shank |
| RSH3 | Right shank marker 3 | Cluster | Yes | Right shank |
| LLML | Left lateral malleolus | Single | Yes | Left ankle |
| LMML | Left medial malleolus | Single | Yes | Left ankle |
| RLML | Right lateral malleolus | Single | Yes | Right ankle |
| RMML | Right medial malleolus | Single | Yes | Right ankle |
| LCAL | Left calcaneus | Single | Yes | Left foot |
| L5TH | Left 5th metatarsus | Single | Yes | Left foot |
| RCAL | Right calcaneus | Single | Yes | Right foot |
| R5TH | Right 5th metatarsus | Single | Yes | Right foot |
Single markers were located at specific anatomical locations such as bony landmarks, cluster markers were located on the limbs, and virtual markers were inferred from single marker locations. Markers on the lower limbs were used in inverse dynamics analysis to estimate the locations of segments and joints, as well as the forces, torques and powers acting on them.