Table 3.
Results of meta-analyses before and after sensitivity analysis including mean difference (MD), 95% CI and significance level, as well as heterogeneity (I2) and significance level per intervention type, consisting of studies with similar intervention duration excluding study by Zhang et al.
| Outcome | AE | MICT | HIIT | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD 95% CI | p-val | I2 | p-val | MD 95% CI | p-val | I2 | p-val | MD 95% CI | p-val | I2 | p-val | |
| IHL (%) Before |
-4.10 [-5.33, -2.87] |
<0.00001 | 35% | 0.12 | -5.19, [-7.33, -3.04] |
<0.00001 | 45% | 0.09 | -3.41 [-4.74, -2.08] |
<0.00001 | 10% | 0.34 |
| IHL (%) After |
-4.08 [-5.77, -2.39] |
<0.00001 | 43% | 0.08 | -5.92 [-9.01, -2.82] |
0.0002 | 53% | 0.06 | -2.62 [-4.16, -1.08] |
0.0009 | 0% | 0.90 |
| ALT (UI) Before |
-3.78 [-5.58, -1.98] |
<0.0001 | 44% | 0.06 | -3.59 [-5.60, -1.57] |
0.0005 | 31% | 0.19 | -4.31 [-9.03, -.41] |
0.07 | 65% | 0.04 |
| ALT (UI) After |
-5.29 [-6.51, -4.08] |
<0.00001 | 0% | 0.78 | -4.83 [-6.36, -3.30] |
<0.00001 | 0% | 0.92 | -6.41 [-11.15, -1.66] |
0.008 | 14% | 0.31 |
| AST (UI) Before |
-2.51
[-5.41, 0.38] |
0.09 | 83% | <0.00001 | -4.05 [-6.39, -1.71] |
0.0007 | 63% | 0.02 | 1.02 [-6.91, 8.94] |
0.80 | 77% | 0.01 |
| AST (UI) After |
-4.43
[-7.30, -1.57] |
0.002 | 50% | 0.06 | -5.16 [-6.67, -3.65] |
<0.00001 | 8% | 0.36 | 2.22 [-17.32, 21.76] |
0.82 | 86% | 0.008 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) Before |
0.05 [-0.01, 0.12] |
0.10 | 66% | 0.003 | 0.05 [-0.02, 0.12] |
0.17 | 78% | 0.0003 | 0.07 [-0.07, 0.21] |
0.35 | 0% | 0.73 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) After |
0.01 [-0.07, 0.09] |
0.88 | 69% | 0.003 | 0.01 [-0.07, 0.09] |
0.82 | 79% | 0.0007 | -0.15 [-0.73, 0.42] |
0.60 | 0% | 0.87 |
| TC (mmol/L) Before |
-0.19 [-0.29, -0.09] |
0.0003 | 58% | 0.01 | -0.20 [-0.31, -0.09] |
0.0003 | 47% | 0.09 |
-0.15
[-0.44, 0.13] |
0.30 | 75% | 0.008 |
| TC (mmol/L) After |
-0.28 [-0.34, -0.23] |
<0.00001 | 0% | 0.68 | -0.27 [-0.33, -0.20] |
<0.00001 | 0% | 0.72 |
-0.30
[-0.47, -0.12] |
0.001 | 12% | 0.32 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) Before |
– | – | – | – | -0.10 [-0.20, -0.01] |
0.03 | 78% | 0.0001 | – | – | – | – |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) After |
– | – | – | – | -0.14 [-0.24, -0.05] |
0.003 | 68% | 0.009 | – | – | – | – |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) Before |
0.05 [0.02, 0.08] |
0.0004 | 62% | 0.01 | 0.05 [0.02, 0.09] |
0.005 | 52% | 0.06 | 0.04 [-0.05, 0.12] |
0.004 | 62% | 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) After |
0.06 [0.02, 0.10] |
0.002 | 58% | 0.04 | 0.06 [0.01, 0.11] |
0.03 | 61% | 0.03 | 0.08 [0.04, 0.12] |
0.0002 | NA | NA |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) Before |
-0.26 [-0.39, -0.14] |
<0.0001 | 81% | <0.00001 | -0.15 [-0.33, 0.03] |
0.10 | 83% | <0.00001 |
-0.50
[-0.82, -0.17] |
0.003 | 85% | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) After |
-0.26 [-0.39, -0.14] |
<0.0001 | 78% | <0.00001 | -0.19 [-0.38, 0.01] |
0.07 | 81% | <0.0001 |
-0.47
[-1.00, 0.06] |
0.08 | 80% | 0.03 |
| Weight (kg) Before |
-1.90 [-2.46, -1.35] |
<0.00001 | 0% | 0.83 | -1.80 [-2.52, -1.09] |
<0.00001 | 0% | 0.59 | -2.06 [-2.93, -1.18] |
<0.00001 | 0% | 0.83 |
| Weight (kg) After |
-2.26 [-3.43, -1.08] |
0.0002 | 0% | 0.82 | -2.35 [-3.57, -1.14] |
0.0001 | 0% | 0.65 | -0.80 [-5.53, 3.94] |
0.74 | 0% | 0.77 |
ALT, alanine transferase; AST, aspartate transferase; HIIT, high-intensity interval training; HOMA-IR, homeostasic assessment for insulin resistance; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; IHL, intrahepatic lipids; kg, kilogram; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; MICT, moderate-intensity continuous training; mmol/l, milligram per deciliter; UI, international unit; VO2max, maximum oxygen consumption. NA; not applicable.
Results of sensitivity analyses that differ in significance from the original meta-analysis are marked in bold.