Table 2.
Adverse outcome of individuals with GDM in Hebei from 2014 to 2021.
| GDM | Control group | F/2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=25,995) | (n=340,217) | |||
| Maternal | ||||
| Premature delivery | 2,112 (8.1%) | 17,792 (5.2%) | 393.807 | <0.001 |
| Delivery mode | 631.472 | <0.001 | ||
| Spontaneous delivery | 15,470 (59.5%) | 174,983 (51.4%) | ||
| Cesarean section | 10,525 (40.5%) | 165,234 (48.6%) | ||
| Uterine inertia | 608 (2.3%) | 3,949 (1.2%) | 272.791 | <0.001 |
| Puerperal infection | 8 (0.0%) | 66 (0.0%) | 1.547 | 0.214 |
| Infection of Cesarean section | 2 (0.0%) | 20 (0.0%) | 0.132 | 0.716 |
| Placental abruption | 79 (0.3%) | 844 (0.2%) | 2.994 | 0.084 |
| Gestational hypertension | 2,803 (10.8%) | 15,758 (4.6%) | 1,899.06 | <0.001 |
| Neonate | ||||
| Gender | 0.408 | 0.523 | ||
| Male | 13,328 (51.3%) | 173,735 (51.1%) | ||
| Female | 12,667 (48.7%) | 166,482 (48.9%) | ||
| Apgar score | ||||
| 1 min | 10.0 (10.0, 10.0) | 10.0 (10.0, 10.0) | 153.922 | <0.001 |
| 5 min | 10.0 (10.0, 10.0) | 10.0 (10.0, 10.0) | 1.161 | 0.281 |
| 10 min | 10.0 (10.0, 10.0) | 10.0 (10.0, 10.0) | 0.437 | 0.508 |
| Admission to NICU | 116 (0.4%) | 1,665 (0.5%) | 0.929 | 0.335 |
| Macrosomia | 2,389 (9.2%) | 22,608 (6.6%) | 245.956 | <0.001 |
GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.