TABLE 1.
Introduction to the composition, localization and related functions of NADPH oxidase.
| Essential regulatory subunits | Requirement for p22phox | Cell/tissue distribution | Cardiomyocyte expression | Regulating factors | Model building | References | |
| NOX1 | NOXO1 NOXA1 RAC |
Yes | Smooth muscle cells Fibroblasts Endothelial cells |
No | AngII NF-κB ET-1 IFN-γ VEGF PDGF ATF-1 GPER |
ApoE–/–, SHRs TgSMCnox1 HFHS/STZ, NoxO1–/– Gper–/– |
(6, 8–12, 17, 20, 22, 26, 27, 29, 33, 36–39) |
| NOX2 | Gp91Phox p47Phox p67Phox p40Phox RAC |
Yes | Cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells Vascular-smooth muscle cells Fibroblasts |
Yes | AngII ET-1 TGF-β IFN-γ PDGF VEGF |
Nox2–/–, ApoE–/– LysMCre/WT gp91phox–/– TLR5–/– TRPC3/C6 ectopic- expression |
(6, 10–12, 17, 20, 31, 34, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 51, 52, 59, 104) |
| NOX3 | NOXO | Yes | Fetal tissue inner ear | No | (11, 12) | ||
| NOX4 | Calcium ions | Yes | Cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells Fibroblasts Vascular-smooth muscle cells |
Yes | HIF-1 TGF-β TNF-α IFN-γ VEGF |
NOX4–/–, APOE–/– Tg-Nox4 HCAEC Cardio-Nox4–/– Endo-Nox4–/– ApoE–/–/ p47phox–/– SHRs |
(6, 7, 9, 22, 31, 35, 62, 63, 67–70, 75) |
| NOX5 | Calcium ions | No | Endothelial cells Vascular-smooth muscle cells Extravascular fibroblasts |
No | AngII TNF-α TGF-β PDGF IFN-γ |
NOX5±CRE±TeloHAEC
cell
line NOX5-siRNA |
(6, 17, 20, 22, 31, 77–79, 81, 82, 84) |
AngII, Angiotensin II; NF-K b, nuclear factor kappa-B; ET-1,endothelin-1; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PDGF, platelet derived growth factor; ATF-1, activating transcription Factor 1; GPER, G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor; HIF-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; ApoE–/–, ApoE knockout mice; SHRs, spontaneously hypertensive rats; TgSMCnox1, mice overexpressing Nox1 in SMCs; HFHS/STZ, high-fat and high-sugar diet/streptozotocin mouse model; NoxO1–/–, Noxo1-knockout mice; Gper–/–, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor gene deficient mice; Nox2–/–, Nox2 knockout mice; LysMCre/WT, Model mice using the promoter of LysM gene to drive Cre recombinase; gp91phox–/–, gp91phox knockout mice; TRPC3/C6, Canonical transient receptor potential; –CRE, Cyclization Recombination Enzyme; Cardio-Nox4–/–, Cardiomyocyte NOX4 knockout mice; Endo-Nox4–/–, endothelial cell NOX4 knockout mice; Tg-Nox4 HCAEC, NOX4 overexpression in mouse coronary endothelial cells; TeloHAEC cell line, is a clonal cell line immortalized by stably expressing human telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT; NOX5-siRNA, NOX5-silenced.