. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Mov Disord. 2022 Sep 3;37(11):2173–2183. doi: 10.1002/mds.29209

Table 2.

Summary of Mendelian Randomization Studies

Study	PD subjects	Control subjects	Total SNPs	Statistical power	Methods to address pleiotropy	Outcome
Coneys, et al²¹	33,674	449,056	31	80%	MR-Egger method; Funnel plots	No causal effect of UA on progression
Kobylecki, et al²⁰	279	102,534	2	19%	None; pleiotropy limited by assessing only 2 SNPs	No causal effect of UA on progression
Kia, et al¹⁹	13,708	95,282	31	80%	MR-Egger method; penalized weighted median	No causal effect of UA on incidence
Simon, et al¹⁸	735	NR	3	NR	None	UA protects against progression

Abbreviations: NR, not reported; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphisms