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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Parasitol. 2022 Sep 28;38(12):1080–1088. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.09.001

Figure 1. Enzymatic reactions that dictate the nature of the intravascular schistosome purinergic halo.

Figure 1.

The Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) enzymes listed are expressed at the worm’s external surface. Chemical structures of key purinergic metabolites are depicted along with, in colored boxes, the names of the following key schistosome tegumental ectoenzymes (and functional host homologs): S. mansoni ATP diphosphohydrolase1 - SmATPDase1 (CD39), S. mansoni nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase5 – SmNPP5 (CD203), S. mansoni alkaline phosphatase – SmAP (CD73), S. mansoni NAD-catabolizing enzyme- SmNACE (CD38, CD157). Color-coded, dashed lines indicate sites of cleavage by the various enzymes. The green box encloses adenosine (Ado), a terminal product of several pathways. A scanning electron micrograph image of an adult S. mansoni male is shown in the background. Ado: Adenosine, ADP: Adenosine diphosphate, ADPR: Adenosine diphosphate ribose, AMP: Adenosine monophosphate, ATP: Adenosine triphosphate, NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAM: Nicotinamide, NMN: Nicotinamide mononucleotide, RP: Ribose phosphate