Table 8.
Behavior of examined metrics in response to inotropic stimulation in pigs (n = 10).
| Baseline | Dobutamine | P values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IVC occlusion-derived metrics | |||
|
| |||
| Ees(IVC) (mmHg/ml) | 1.97(1.6–2.87) | 6.26(3.98–8.99) | 0.001* |
| PRSW(IVC) (mmHg) | 58(47–73) | 88(76–115) | 0.013* |
| dP/dtmax-EDV(IVC) (mmHg/s/ml) | 21±15 | 113±66 | < 0.001* |
|
| |||
| Ees(IVC) surrogates | |||
|
| |||
| Ees(SB1) (mmHg/ml) | 2.23(1.98–2.74) | 5.26(4.21–7.36) | 0.001* |
| Ees(SB2) (mmHg/ml) | 2.6(2.27–2.9) | 6.08(5.01–9.93) | 0.001* |
|
| |||
| PRSW(IVC) surrogates | |||
|
| |||
| PRSW(SB) (mmHg) | 36 (32–39) | 59(57–63) | 0.001* |
| PWRmax-EDV (mmHg/s) | 119(106–217) | 182(109–260) | 0.246 |
| PWRmax-EDV2 (mmHg/s/ml) | 2.51±1.34 | 3.87±2.47 | 0.057 |
| LVEFEA1 (%) | 81(72–83) | 107(97–124) | 0.001* |
| LVEFEA2 (%) | 85±12 | 121±17 | < 0.001* |
|
| |||
| dP/dt max -EDV (IVC) surrogates | |||
|
| |||
| LVdP/dtmax-EDV (mmHg/s/ml) | 23(17–25) | 83(66–119) | 0.001* |
| ARTdP/dtmax-EDV (mmHg/s/ml) | 8(7–11) | 38(30–49) | 0.001* |
| Pmax-EDV (mmHg/ml) | 1.34(1.13–1.49) | 1.93(1.72–2.46) | 0.001* |
| LVESP-EDV (mmHg/ml) | 1.24±0.32 | 1.69±0.34 | <0.001* |
| ARTESP-EDV (mmHg/ml) | 1.37±0.26 | 2.06±0.45 | <0.001* |
Ees(IVC), end-systolic elastance obtained from inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion; PRSW(IVC), preload recruitable stork work obtained from IVC occlusion; dP/dtmax-EDV(IVC), the relation between the maximal rate of rise of pressure and end-diastolic volume (EDV) obtained from IVC occlusion; Ees(SB1), left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure (LVESP) and end-systolic volume (ESV) ratio; Ees(SB2), arterial ESP (ARTESP, 0.9 × systolic blood pressure (SBP)) and ESV ratio; PRSW(SB), stroke work (SW) and EDV ratio; PWRmax-EDV, power max (PWRmax) and EDV ratio; PWRmax-EDV2, PWRmax and squared of EDV ratio; LVEFEA1, afterload adjusted LV ejection fraction using ventricular data; LVEFEA2, afterload adjusted LV ejection fraction using arterial data; LVdP/dtmax-EDV, the maximal rate of rise of the left ventricular pressure (LVdP/dtmax) and EDV ratio; ARTdP/dtmax-EDV, the maximal rate of rise of the arterial pressure (ARTdP/dtmax) and EDV ratio; Pmax-EDV, maximal pressure (Pmax) and EDV ratio; LVESP-EDV, LVESP and EDV ratio; ARTESP-EDV, ARTESP and EDV ratio. Statistical analysis was performed using either a paired t-test or Wilcoxon matched pairs test (one-tailed).
significant observation.