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. 2022 Nov 3;13:1023379. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1023379

TABLE 3.

Blood biochemistry parameters in rats treated with DLTD.

Parameter Male Female
Control Low Medium High Control Low Medium High
D29
 TP(g/L) 58.2 ± 2.6 60.2 ± 1.3 61.5 ± 3.3 60.6 ± 1.5 64.2 ± 3.2 65.0 ± 1.8 63.0 ± 2.9 64.9 ± 3.5
 ALB(g/L) 34.3 ± 0.9 35.4 ± 1.3 36.0 ± 1.6 35.5 ± 1.1 38.7 ± 2.0 39.2 ± 1.1 38.4 ± 1.8 39.2 ± 4.1
 ALT(U/L) 30 ± 4 34 ± 3 28 ± 6 29 ± 3 23 ± 2 25 ± 2 22 ± 2 30 ± 12
 AST(U/L) 99 ± 5 99 ± 9 105 ± 17 98 ± 13 90 ± 9 98 ± 16 98 ± 16 94 ± 24
 ALP(U/L) 192 ± 39 186 ± 48 185 ± 33 189 ± 45 111 ± 15 102 ± 27 139 ± 18 123 ± 22
 GGT(U/L) 0.466 ± 0.205 0.594 ± 0.263 0.746 ± 0.299 0.706 ± 0.437 1.014 ± 0.229 1.016 ± 0.202 1.300 ± 0.360 1.302 ± 0.390
 TBIL(μmol/L) 0.6 ± 0.3 0.6 ± 0.1 0.5 ± 0.2 0.5 ± 0.3 0.6 ± 0.3 0.6 ± 0.3 0.4 ± 0.1 0.3 ± 0.1
 LDH(U/L) 542.8 ± 222.0 504.8 ± 111.8 744.2 ± 377.7 514.0 ± 256.4 406.2 ± 124.0 689.3 ± 339.5 551.4 ± 285.8 484.1 ± 213.4
 CK(U/L) 557 ± 196 660 ± 258 666 ± 182 626 ± 269 355 ± 100 488 ± 198 470 ± 125 442 ± 88
 CKMB(U/L) 613 ± 261 526 ± 120 725 ± 320 544 ± 297 365 ± 95 642 ± 312 479 ± 249 464 ± 154
 CRE(μmol/L) 21 ± 2 22 ± 3 22 ± 2 22 ± 2 28 ± 3 29 ± 4 30 ± 3 27 ± 1
 UREA(μmol/L) 5.56 ± 0.75 5.61 ± 0.76 5.73 ± 0.43 5.81 ± 0.73 6.52 ± 1.02 6.55 ± 1.00 6.09 ± 0.72 5.93 ± 1.12
 GLU(mmol/L) 7.64 ± 1.41 7.52 ± 1.38 8.39 ± 1.91 7.48 ± 1.50 7.63 ± 0.52 7.21 ± 0.79 7.06 ± 0.64 6.83 ± 0.56
 CHO(mmol/L) 1.51 ± 0.24 1.34 ± 0.24 1.59 ± 0.26 1.49 ± 0.33 1.56 ± 0.33 1.71 ± 0.30 1.57 ± 0.17 1.56 ± 0.24
 TG(mmol/L) 0.41 ± 0.18 0.28 ± 0.14 0.21 ± 0.09 0.35 ± 0.09 0.26 ± 0.09 0.23 ± 0.06 0.21 ± 0.03 0.18 ± 0.03
 Na+(mmol/L) 146.8 ± 2.0 146.8 ± 1.1 147.0 ± 1.3 146.0 ± 0.9 145.6 ± 1.0 145.4 ± 0.6 146.0 ± 2.0 145.5 ± 1.2
 K+(mmol/L) 4.44 ± 0.15 4.53 ± 0.17 4.87 ± 0.30 4.75 ± 0.34 4.30 ± 0.34 4.54 ± 0.27 4.49 ± 0.31 4.54 ± 0.27
 Cl−(mmol/L) 113.5 ± 1.9 113.6 ± 1.0 113.6 ± 1.7 112.5 ± 1.7 112.6 ± 1.7 112.3 ± 1.3 114.3 ± 1.8 113.2 ± 0.3
D92
 TP(g/L) 59.1 ± 1.0 58.2 ± 1.6 57.8 ± 5.5 59.2 ± 3.3 70.1 ± 8.2 67.9 ± 5.0 69.4 ± 5.2 73.6 ± 4.1
 ALB(g/L) 31.1 ± 0.7 31.3 ± 0.4 30.9 ± 2.6 31.2 ± 2.0 41.5 ± 4.6 39.6 ± 3.2 39.7 ± 4.1 41.9 ± 2.5
 ALT(U/L) 40 ± 11 45 ± 19 34 ± 2 32 ± 5 107 ± 63 72 ± 61 67 ± 55 90 ± 61
 AST(U/L) 122 ± 15 133 ± 43 131 ± 38 118 ± 40 228 ± 121 217 ± 142 210 ± 152 297 ± 225
 ALP(U/L) 94 ± 16 85 ± 17 80 ± 22 78 ± 6 38 ± 12 33 ± 7 36 ± 4 29 ± 8
 GGT(U/L) 0.592 ± 0.189 0.634 ± 0.344 0.720 ± 0.407 0.692 ± 0.736 0.732 ± 0.344 0.582 ± 0.276 0.684 ± 0.121 0.680 ± 0.153
 TBIL(μmol/L) 0.6 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.4 0.7 ± 0.3 0.5 ± 0.4 0.8 ± 0.3 0.6 ± 0.3 0.4 ± 0.3 0.1 ± 0.6
 LDH(U/L) 617.6 ± 507.8 504.8 ± 383.0 601.3 ± 370.3 825.9 ± 613.4 592.2 ± 374.6 754.5 ± 382.9 642.5 ± 452.3 645.3 ± 295.5
 CK(U/L) 487 ± 346 496 ± 232 550 ± 445 674 ± 481 473 ± 150 678 ± 234 636 ± 251 602 ± 164
 CKMB(U/L) 390 ± 257 366 ± 261 396 ± 316 494 ± 335 355 ± 201 440 ± 235 470 ± 384 382 ± 209
 CRE(μmol/L) 26 ± 2 23 ± 2 25 ± 2 23 ± 3 30 ± 5 29 ± 2 32 ± 10 28 ± 4
 UREA(μmol/L) 6.17 ± 1.02 6.27 ± 0.35 6.30 ± 0.76 7.17 ± 1.58 6.49 ± 0.89 6.66 ± 1.10 6.88 ± 1.41 5.95 ± 0.60
 GLU(mmol/L) 11.71 ± 1.17 9.12 ± 0.66* 8.59 ± 0.99 * 8.38 ± 2.14 8.03 ± 1.78 7.56 ± 1.43 7.02 ± 0.72 7.99 ± 1.17
 CHO(mmol/L) 1.98 ± 0.35 1.84 ± 0.28 1.69 ± 0.41 1.71 ± 0.28 2.81 ± 0.77 2.16 ± 0.71 3.01 ± 1.14 2.71 ± 0.46
 TG(mmol/L) 0.43 ± 0.19 0.40 ± 0.15 0.22 ± 0.06* 0.24 ± 0.03 0.30 ± 0.06 0.23 ± 0.04 0.26 ± 0.05 0.30 ± 0.12
 Na+(mmol/L) 154.8 ± 4.4 153.8 ± 2.7 153.2 ± 2.2 152.9 ± 4.5 148.1 ± 3.8 149.6 ± 3.1 149.5 ± 4.4 148.7 ± 2.4
 K+(mmol/L) 5.32 ± 0.61 4.99 ± 0.47 5.16 ± 0.46 5.59 ± 0.43 4.88 ± 0.42 4.62 ± 0.30 4.57 ± 0.24 5.05 ± 0.38
 Cl−(mmol/L) 122.5 ± 3.8 120.9 ± 2.2 120.9 ± 3.0 120.9 ± 3.5 114.5 ± 3.0 117.3 ± 3.8 115.6 ± 4.0 116.4 ± 1.7
D182 and D183
 TP(g/L) 58.9 ± 5.6 59.1 ± 2.2 59.6 ± 1.7 58.1 ± 3.8 70.5 ± 2.9 69.8 ± 5.2 71.4 ± 4.3 71.0 ± 4.4
 ALB(g/L) 32.9 ± 3.1 33.6 ± 1.7 33.7 ± 0.9 32.9 ± 1.2 45.1 ± 2.7 44.0 ± 4.3 44.9 ± 3.2 44.3 ± 3.0
 ALT(U/L) 36 ± 14 43 ± 29 33 ± 12 28 ± 3 77 ± 62 74 ± 73 44 ± 20 34 ± 10
 AST(U/L) 162 ± 48 154 ± 51 153 ± 31 150 ± 31 221 ± 141 180 ± 117 128 ± 38 112 ± 18
 ALP(U/L) 83 ± 47 73 ± 15 70 ± 12 74 ± 14 39 ± 14 41 ± 11 44 ± 18 41 ± 8
 GGT(U/L) 0.684 ± 1.013 0.325 ± 0.219 0.466 ± 0.204 0.575 ± 0.358 0.565 ± 0.569 0.664 ± 0.272 0.442 ± 0.241 0.757 ± 0.596
 TBIL(μmol/L) 0.7 ± 0.3 0.8 ± 0.3 0.7 ± 0.2 0.7 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.4 0.8 ± 0.3 0.9 ± 0.3 0.6 ± 0.2*
 LDH(U/L) 1,837.3 ± 829.3 1,477.6 ± 672.6 1,678.7 ± 665.7 1,712.0 ± 653.0 1,040.1 ± 659.8 721.1 ± 338.6 567.7 ± 232.8 695.2 ± 423.2
 CK(U/L) 1,124 ± 570 938 ± 499 1,074 ± 441 1,107 ± 413 679 ± 470 469 ± 134 428 ± 193 527 ± 259
 CKMB(U/L) 1,731 ± 931 1,320 ± 836 1,561 ± 788 1,534 ± 683 952 ± 762 584 ± 263 440 ± 169 627 ± 410
 CRE(μmol/L) 26 ± 4 23 ± 2 26 ± 4 24 ± 3 31 ± 3 32 ± 4 32 ± 4 31 ± 4
 UREA(μmol/L) 6.52 ± 1.14 5.33 ± 0.27** 6.27 ± 0.83 6.01 ± 0.53 6.16 ± 1.12 7.24 ± 0.89 6.81 ± 1.05 7.02 ± 1.35
 GLU(mmol/L) 13.33 ± 6.74 10.49 ± 1.21 9.44 ± 1.36 8.02 ± 1.13 7.34 ± 0.66 7.83 ± 0.94 7.72 ± 1.52 8.87 ± 1.26*
 CHO(mmol/L) 2.12 ± 0.36 2.14 ± 0.28 2.00 ± 0.37 1.79 ± 0.33 3.35 ± 0.51 3.06 ± 0.91 2.78 ± 0.45 3.25 ± 0.47
 TG(mmol/L) 0.53 ± 0.23 0.46 ± 0.23 0.40 ± 0.08 0.32 ± 0.11 0.44 ± 0.17 0.43 ± 0.08 0.42 ± 0.14 0.38 ± 0.08
 Na+(mmol/L) 140.4 ± 3.2 142.0 ± 1.0 141.3 ± 1.2 141.6 ± 1.1 145.8 ± 1.9 145.4 ± 1.9 144.4 ± 1.5 144.2 ± 1.2
 K+(mmol/L) 5.01 ± 0.40 4.65 ± 0.21* 4.99 ± 0.29 4.88 ± 0.25 4.40 ± 0.47 4.45 ± 0.29 4.14 ± 0.43 4.61 ± 0.34
 Cl−(mmol/L) 105.9 ± 2.6 107.5 ± 1.2 107.5 ± 1.7 107.9 ± 1.2 110.1 ± 2.5 110.0 ± 2.5 108.8 ± 2.2 109.8 ± 2.3
End of recovery
 TP(g/L) 62.2 ± 1.4 61.1 ± 1.6 63.7 ± 2.3 64.9 ± 2.1 75.0 ± 4.4 73.5 ± 2.0 73.7 ± 1.9 72.3 ± 2.8
 ALB(g/L) 34.5 ± 0.7 33.6 ± 1.0 34.8 ± 1.0 35.4 ± 1.3 46.5 ± 4.0 46.3 ± 1.0 46.9 ± 0.4 45.8 ± 3.3
 ALT(U/L) 42 ± 9 33 ± 4 37 ± 8 35 ± 5 63 ± 36 76 ± 68 37 ± 13 44 ± 19
 AST(U/L) 183 ± 13 157 ± 33 160 ± 8 173 ± 25 218 ± 185 234 ± 215 116 ± 25 115 ± 23
 ALP(U/L) 74 ± 19 75 ± 8 61 ± 5 67 ± 6 31 ± 10 24 ± 12 35 ± 14 26 ± 5
 GGT(U/L) 0.678 ± 0.461 0.758 ± 0.259 0.622 ± 0.423 0.804 ± 0.317 0.488 ± 0.149 0.622 ± 0.573 0.514 ± 0.369 0.564 ± 0.385
 TBIL(μmol/L) 0.8 ± 0.4 0.6 ± 0.1 0.6 ± 0.1 0.7 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.5 1.0 ± 0.8 0.9 ± 0.4 0.8 ± 0.4
 LDH(U/L) 1,882.1 ± 340.2 1,368.2 ± 664.5 1,788.4 ± 441.2 2,004.2 ± 427.7 688.0 ± 353.8 865.5 ± 466.5 593.6 ± 258.7 436.5 ± 159.1
 CK(U/L) 1,280 ± 361 849 ± 348 1,245 ± 217 1,418 ± 344 444 ± 193 689 ± 244 443 ± 98 359 ± 53
 CKMB(U/L) 1,767 ± 414 1,135 ± 570 1,676 ± 526 1,881 ± 581 522 ± 258 715 ± 394 444 ± 135 336 ± 109
 CRE(μmol/L) 30 ± 3 30 ± 5 29 ± 7 27 ± 1 31 ± 2 29 ± 3 33 ± 6 30 ± 1
 UREA(μmol/L) 6.03 ± 0.61 6.18 ± 0.43 6.04 ± 0.71 6.11 ± 0.44 6.02 ± 0.61 5.45 ± 0.39 6.25 ± 1.12 6.35 ± 0.63
 GLU(mmol/L) 11.66 ± 2.58 11.97 ± 2.10 9.73 ± 1.37 9.36 ± 2.09 8.16 ± 0.98 8.07 ± 1.28 8.45 ± 0.65 7.77 ± 0.58
 CHO(mmol/L) 2.21 ± 0.24 2.01 ± 0.47 2.25 ± 0.54 2.63 ± 0.66 3.35 ± 0.57 3.52 ± 0.74 3.67 ± 0.67 3.09 ± 0.28
 TG(mmol/L) 0.76 ± 0.35 0.53 ± 0.18 0.62 ± 0.27 0.67 ± 0.31 0.35 ± 0.04 0.41 ± 0.10 0.38 ± 0.05 0.37 ± 0.06
 Na+(mmol/L) 144.2 ± 2.0 144.6 ± 1.2 145.2 ± 0.6 144.4 ± 1.4 141.5 ± 1.0 142.4 ± 2.1 141.4 ± 1.7 142.9 ± 1.5
 K+(mmol/L) 5.23 ± 0.37 5.11 ± 0.16 5.29 ± 0.38 5.35 ± 0.16 4.16 ± 0.22 4.24 ± 0.46 4.25 ± 0.44 4.28 ± 0.30
 Cl−(mmol/L) 110.1 ± 1.5 109.7 ± 0.9 110.7 ± 0.9 110.0 ± 0.6 106.6 ± 1.2 107.5 ± 3.2 106.9 ± 2.6 108.2 ± 1.5

Note: The data represent Mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus the control. n represent the number of animals in each group n = 5, on Day 29; n = 5, on Day 92; n = 10, on Day 182; n = 10, on Day 183; n = 5, at the end of recovery.