TABLE 3.

Comparison of the technical and economic indices between ionic liquids and the Hall–Héroult method.

Method parameter	Electrolytic aluminum
	Ionic liquids	Hall-héroult
Tank Voltage (V)	2.0–4.0	4.2–5.0
Energy Consumption (kW·h/t-Al)	9,500–11,000	13,000–19,000
Current Density (mA/cm2)	20–100	N/A
Electrode Distance (mm)	5–40	100
Temperature (°C)	25–150	800–1,000
CO Emission (kg/t-Al)	0	340
CO2 Emission (kg/t-Al)	0	1,000–1,500
CF4 Emission (kg/t-Al)	0	1.5–2.5
HF Emission (kg/t-Al)	0	20–40
Energy Efficiency (%)	>90	<50