Table 6.
Therapeutic patents of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives.
| Titles | Targeted diseases | Mechanism of action | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acylatedalkannin or shikonninderivs.- useful as dermatological, bactericidal and fungicidal medicaments | Treatment of skin lesions: ulcers, burns, wounds, scruf, skin cancers | Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect | Papageorgiou, 1980 |
| Process for preparing arnebia root medicine with broad-spectrum medical functions | Measles, rashes, ulcer sores, eczema, burns | Proliferation of fibroblasts | Song, 2004 |
| Alkannin derivatives as immune inhibitors and metal complexes thereof | Arthritis, scleredema, lupus erythematosus, HIV infection and malignant tumor | Immunological suppression of chemokines amd HIV-type 1 | Li & Hu, 2004 |
| Use of alkannin in preparing medicine for treating tumor disease | Treatment of tumor, effective on eh tumour, effective on medicine resisting tumor cells | Killing tumor cells with p-glycoprotein | Hu & Fang, 2005 |
| Application of shikonnin in preparing medicine for inducing apoptosis | Treatment of tumor | Shikonin induces ROS production and cytochrome c release in cancer cells. | Hu & Han, 2007 |
| Application of Xinjiang radix macrotomiae for treating flatwart, common wart and fig wart | Treatment of verrucous disease, Flat wart, common wart, fig wart | Diminishing the inflammation of hurt on an afflicted part, healing of hurt without leaving scar | Li & Chen, 2009 |
| Method of treatment of virus infections using shikonnin compounds | Virus infections, mycoplasma infections, malignant tumor | Promoting idiosyncratic cell mediated immunity and improves immune response of T-lymphocytes | Wang, 2008 |
| Antineoplastic sulphur-comtaining alkannin and naphthoquinone derivatives | Antineoplastic | Inhibition of tumor cell growth | Li, Zhao, Xei, He, & Guo, 2008 |
| Antineoplastic alkannatinctoria ketoximes derivatives | Antineoplastic | Retard tumor cell growth | Li & Zhao, 2010 |
| Application of alkannin in preparation of pyuruvate kinase inhibitor | Psoriasis, herpes simplex keratitis | Inhibition of PMK2 activity | Hu, 2011 |
| Medical application of radix arnebiaeseulithospermi naphthoquinone compounds | Crohn’s disease | Inhibition of NF-kβ and STAT-3 | Liu & Fan, 2014a |
| Medical application of gromwell naphthoquinone compounds | Ulcerative colitis | Inhibition of COX-2 and cytokines (INF-γ and IL-6) | Liu & Fan, 2014b |
| Medical application of lithospermumnahthoquinone compounds | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Inhibition of PDE-4 | Liu & Fan, 2014c |
| Pharmaceutical composition for treating flatwart and verruca vulgaris and prepation method for pharmaceutical composition | Flat wart, verruca vulgaris | Resisting inflammation, killing viruses and realizing quick apoptosis of skin vegetation cells. | Yuan & Wang, 2016 |
| Compound traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating stigmatosis of freashwater fish | Stigmatosis | Inhibition of influenza virus, gram positive and gram negative bacteria | Liu, Zhao & Wang, 2017 |
| Compositions for metabolic disorders comprising alkannin as an active ingredient | Obesity, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver | Activation of AMPK (AMP activated protein kinase) | Yoon, Lee, Jang, & Jeong, 2017 |
| Application of alkannin in preparation of medicine for treating upper and lower respiratory tract allergic disease | Allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma | Activation and differentiation of TH cells and cytokine secretion | Liu & Yu, 2017 |
| Hydroxynaphthoquinone compounds for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer | Non– small cell lung cancer | Inhibition of EGFR kinase activity and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells | Liu, Leung, Li, & Fan, 2018 |
| Herqueiazole-containing medicine for controlling inflammation | Inflammation | Synergistic effect of shikonin and herqueiazole | Zhuang & Zhang, 2017 |
| External biological preparation for feminine vagina prophylaxis and health-care as well as treatment of gynaecological genital tract inflammation, and preparation method | Cervical erosion, vaginitis, pelvic inflammation | Eliminating vaginal bacteria and maintaining vaginal flora and acid base balance | Wang & Chen, 2017 |
| Omeprazole enteric-coated capsules capable of inhibiting gastric acid secretion | Gastric and duodenal ulcer | Inhibition of H+, K+ ATPase enzyme activity | Li, 2018 |
| Composition for treating burns and scalds | Treating burns and scalds. | Antibacterial and antiinflammatorey effect | Liu, Wei, Zhong, Zuo, Yi, & Yang, 2017 |
| Shikonin and derivant thereof are as the application of gene therapy sensitizer | Cancer | Inhibition of TNF-ᾳ | Ling, Wang, Wang, & Zhang, 2017 |
| Externally-applied anti-inflammatory agent containing radix lithospermii extract | Inflammation | Inhibition of STAT 3 (Signal transducers and activators of transcription) pathway | Chu, 2018a, Chu, 2018b |