Table 2.
Differences of MMSE, TUGT and knee extension strength in demographic variables (N = 595).
| Variables | Drinking | df | F-value | p-value | Smoking | df | F-value | p-value | GDS | df | F-value | p-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily | <7 Days/week | Former | Never | Daily | Former | Never | Normal | Mild | Moder-sever | ||||||||||
| N | 97 | 76 | 55 | 367 | 77 | 92 | 426 | 500 | 88 | 7 | |||||||||
| MMSE | 26.01 ± 3.50 | 25.05 ± 4.82 | 24.51 ± 4.63 | 24.39 ± 5.32 | 591 | 2.88 | 0.039 | 25.53 ± 4.26 | 25.96 ± 3.30 | 24.35 ± 5.33 | 592 | 5.14 | 0.006 | 24.88 ± 4.96 | 24.41 ± 4.57 | 19.43 ± 7.81 | 592 | 4.45 | 0.012 |
| TUGT (s) | 7.55 ± 1.77 | 8.06 ± 2.20 | 10.95 ± 10.88 | 8.69 ± 4.84 | 591 | 5.61 | 0.001 | 7.86 ± 2.39 | 9.36 ± 8.10 | 8.61 ± 4.74 | 592 | 1.78 | 0.169 | 8.38 ± 4.78 | 9.29 ± 4.24 | 18.28 ± 19.93 | 592 | 13.91 | 0.000*** |
| Knee extension strength (kg) | 22.26 ± 8.58 | 20.08 ± 8.78 | 20.42 ± 8.57 | 17.24 ± 7.83 | 591 | 10.96 | 0.000*** | 22.36 ± 9.02 | 20.91 ± 9.46 | 17.59 ± 7.70 | 592 | 15.02 | 0.000*** | 19.02 ± 8.49 | 17.69 ± 7.36 | 10.01 ± 5.57 | 592 | 4.84 | 0.008 |
Values were expressed as mean ± SD; analysis of variance was performed; P value < 0.05 was considered as statistical significance, ***P < 0.001; df, degree of freedom; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; TUGT, Timed Up-and-Go Test.