. 2022 Nov 3;14:984075. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.984075

Table 3.

Differences of MMSE, TUGT, and knee extension strength in demographic variables (N = 595).

Variables	Sex		df	T-value	p-value	Live alone		df	T-value	p-value	Stroke		df	T-value	p-value	Diabetes		df	T-value	p-value	Hypertension		df	T-value	p-value	Heart Disease		df	T-value	p-value
Variables	Male	Female	df	T-value	p-value	Yes	No	df	T-value	p-value	Yes	No	df	T-value	p-value	Yes	No				Yes	No	df	T-value	p-value	Yes	No	df	T-value	p-value
N	243	352				76	519				152	443				93	502				382	213				171	424
MMSE	25.89 ± 3.37	23.86 ± 5.70	593	4.73	0.000***	23.53 ± 4.46	24.93 ± 5.02	593	−2.31	0.021	24.32 ± 5.03	24.90 ± 4.95	593	−1.23	0.22	24.17 ± 5.43	24.86 ± 4.88	593	−1.22	0.223	24.64 ± 4.83	24.95 ± 5.22	593	−0.73	0.467	23.87 ± 5.59	25.10 ± 4.66	593	−2.75	0.006
TUGT (s)	8.56 ± 5.56	8.69 ± 4.95	593	−0.32	0.767	9.80 ± 8.02	8.47 ± 4.63	593	2.11	0.036	9.69 ± 6.72	8.27 ± 4.52	593	2.89	0.004	9.26 ± 5.62	8.52 ± 5.12	593	1.27	0.208	8.76 ± 4.96	8.40 ± 5.61	593	0.80	0.416	9.31 ± 6.56	8.36 ± 4.52	593	2.02	0.045
Knee extension strength (kg)	22.44 ± 9.66	16.15 ± 6.15	593	9.69	0.000***	17.61 ± 7.59	18.88 ± 8.47	593	−1.24	0.216	16.94 ± 7.21	19.33 ± 8.65	593	−3.06	0.002	18.77 ± 7.97	18.71 ± 8.44	593	0.07	0.946	18.98 ± 8.26	18.30 ± 8.57	593	0.92	0.359	17.83 ± 8.16	19.07 ± 8.43	593	0.54	0.100

Values were expressed as mean ± SD; t test for two categorical groups was performed; p value < 0.05 was considered as statistical significance; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; TUGT, Timed Up-and-Go Test.