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. 2022 Nov 3;13:996166. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.996166

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Copyright © 2022 Xie, Zhen, Liu, Chen, Liu, Zhou, Zhou, Hu, Zhu, Huang, Zhang and Nie.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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FG-4592 does not alter the level of TMAO, but improves cardiac dilation and dysfunction in 5/6 Nx mice on a high-choline diet. (A) The serum level of TMAO. (B) The serum level of Scr. (C) The serum level of BUN. (D) Representative M-mode echocardiograms for each group. (E–J) Echocardiographic quantification of LVEF, LVFS, LVESV, LVESV, LVESD, and LVEDD. The data are presented as the mean ± SD. ^* p < 0.05 and ^** p < 0.01 vs. SHAM group; ^# p < 0.05 and ^## p < 0.01 vs. CKD group. ^& p < 0.05 and ^&& p < 0.01 vs. CKD + Choline group n = 6 in each group.