Table 5.

Moderator analyses for the foreign language writing anxiety–writing self-efficacy correlation.

Moderators	k	r [95% CI]	I2	Heterogeneity
				Q	df	p
Language distance	19	−0.378 [−0.431, −0.322]	91.137	0.018	1	0.893
Distant	16	−0.377 [−0.430, −0.322]	79.254
Similar	3	−0.415 [−0.795, 0.201]	98.371
Target language	19	−0.366 [−0.432, −0.295]	91.137	0.731	1	0.393
English	12	−0.409 [−0.521, −0.284]	93.341
Mixed languages	7	−0.345 [−0.427, −0.259]	82.748
FL proficiency	19	−0.367 [−0.444, −0.284]	91.137	0.898	1	0.343
High	2	−0.588 [−0.857, −0.068]	94.276
Intermediate	17	−0.361 [−0.439, −0.277]	91.164
Types of anxiety	8	−0.400 [−0.439, −0.360]	68.527	3.068	2	0.216
avoidance behavior	4	−0.490 [−0.599, −0.363]	83.504
cognitive anxiety	2	−0.411 [−0.467, −0.350]	0.000
somatic anxiety	2	−0.370 [−0.429, −0.308]	0.000

Unreported information is not included.