TABLE 1.

T. cruzi and TCM inhibit the basal production of IL-12 (p40) and TNF-α^a

Inhibitor	Cytokine level (pg/ml)b
	IL-8	IL-12 (p40)	TNF-α
None (medium alone)	3,150 ± 1,433	244 ± 58	383 ± 156
T. cruzi
5/1	2,518 ± 864	80 ± 33*	129 ± 25
10/1	3,171 ± 1,350	79 ± 33*	105 ± 31
20/1	3,938 ± 2,233	69 ± 22*	194 ± 97*
TCM
12.5%	1,987 ± 1,355	100 ± 32	120 ± 55*
25%	3,692 ± 2,395	96 ± 50*	124 ± 55*
50%	3,159 ± 2,450	72 ± 33*	27 ± 24*

^aDC (5 × 10⁵) were incubated with or without live T. cruzi trypomastigotes at different parasite-to-cell ratios or TCM at different concentrations. After 24 h, supernatants were collected to determine the cytokine production by ELISA. 

^bData represent the mean ± standard error of the mean of five independent experiments performed with five different donors. ∗, P ≤ 0.03 by nonparametric Wilcoxon’s paired one-tailed test, compared to cytokine levels in the absence of live T. cruzi trypomastigotes or TCM.