| Dependent variables | Depression | Anxiety | Stress | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
| Key independent variables | B | SE | B | SE | B | SE |
| Subtle racism | 0.23** | 0.09 | 0.22** | 0.08 | 0.23** | 0.08 |
| Blatant racism | 0.10 | 0.1 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
| Positive religious coping | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.06 |
| Negative religious coping | 0.49*** | 0.06 | 0.39*** | 0.06 | 0.39*** | 0.06 |
| Control variables | ||||||
| Religiosity | − 1.04* | 0.48 | − 0.48 | 0.39 | − 0.50 | 0.45 |
| Religious affiliation (ref = Christianity) | ||||||
| Buddhism | − .68 | 1.03 | − .90 | .78 | − .77 | .93 |
| Hinduism | − .56 | 1.14 | − .40 | .96 | − 1.24 | 1.04 |
| Islam | − .09 | 1.22 | .42 | 1.06 | .15 | 1.26 |
| Other religion | − 0.41 | 1.12 | 1.20 | 0.95 | − 0.87 | 1.15 |
| More than one religion | 1.17 | .99 | 0.44 | 0.86 | 0.14 | 0.86 |
| None | 1.02 | 0.86 | 1.30 | 0.72 | 1.38 | 0.85 |
| Female | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.27 | 0.48 |
| Ethnicity (ref = Asian Indian) | ||||||
| Chinese | − 0.53 | 0.92 | − 1.30 | 0.81 | − 1.69 | 0.91 |
| Pilipino | 0.46 | 0.98 | 0.14 | 0.79 | 0.04 | 0.95 |
| Other | − 0.85 | 0.89 | − 1.49 | 0.76 | − 1.03 | 0.85 |
| Age | − 0.06* | 0.02 | − 0.05* | 0.02 | − 0.06** | 0.02 |
| Educational attainment | − 0.53* | 0.21 | − 0.38* | 0.17 | − 0.34 | 0.18 |
| Fully employed | − 0.96 | 0.51 | − 0.85 | 0.45 | − 0.69 | 0.47 |
| Income | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.08 |
| Married | − 1.44* | 0.68 | − 0.58 | 0.58 | − 1.08 | 0.62 |
| Number of children | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.25 |
| Length of residence | − 0.13 | 0.14 | − 0.21 | 0.11 | − 0.22 | 0.13 |
| Living environment (ref = rural area) | ||||||
| Small city/town | − 0.22 | 0.88 | − 0.57 | 0.90 | − 0.72 | 0.83 |
| Suburb near a mid-sized city | 0.74 | 0.90 | 0.45 | 0.86 | 0.19 | 0.86 |
| Suburb near a large city | 0.44 | 0.78 | 0.13 | 0.79 | 0.26 | 0.75 |
| Mid-sized city | 1.43 | 1.08 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 0.99 |
| Large city | 0.57 | 0.86 | .95 | 0.91 | − 0.19 | 0.81 |
| Number of cases | 330 | 330 | 330 | |||
| R-squared | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.46 | |||
Standard errors are robust.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.