TABLE 1.

The commonly used drugs in DKD treatment.

Treatment goal	Common drugs/cautions
Diet and lifestyle	Exercises, loss of weight, smoking cessation, protein intake, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, sodium intake and vitamin intake
Glucose control	Metformin, thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 analogues, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors
Hypertension control	ACEIs/ARBs, MRAs, CCBs, β-blocker, and diuretics
Albuminuria	ACEIs, ARBs, SGLT2 inhibitors, MRAs, and calcitriol impurities D
Blood lipid regulation	Statins and fibrates
Uric acid control	Diet control, allopurinol, and febuxostat

ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; CCBs, calcium channel blockers; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; MRAs, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; SGLT2, sodium/glucose cotransporter 2.