TABLE 3.
Correlations of anxiety, depression, and QOL with cytokine levels by acral and non-acral melanoma TNM stage.
| Immune | ||||||||||
| Variables | modulating |
Anti-inflammatory |
Pro-inflammatory |
|||||||
| GM-CSF | IL-4 | IL-5 | IL-10 | IL-13 | IL-2 | IL-12 | IFN-γ | TNF-α | ||
| Acral site (n = 98) | ||||||||||
| TNM stage 0–I (n = 56) | ||||||||||
| HADS-A | Rho | –0.120 | 0.067 | –0.036 | 0.004 | –0.029 | –0.152 | 0.042 | –0.148 | 0.181 |
| P-value | 0.381 | 0.644 | 0.796 | 0.980 | 0.847 | 0.268 | 0.767 | 0.277 | 0.182 | |
| HADS-D | Rho | –0.165 | –0.029 | –0.037 | 0.120 | 0.017 | –0.177 | 0.041 | –0.101 | 0.088 |
| P-value | 0.228 | 0.842 | 0.790 | 0.392 | 0.908 | 0.197 | 0.774 | 0.458 | 0.521 | |
| EQ-5D | Rho | 0.080 | 0.029 | 0.093 | 0.109 | –0.051 | –0.130 | 0.235 | –0.003 | 0.070 |
| P-value | 0.563 | 0.844 | 0.504 | 0.436 | 0.731 | 0.345 | 0.094 | 0.984 | 0.607 | |
| TNM stage II-IV (n = 42) | ||||||||||
| HADS-A | Rho | –0.198 | –0.209 | –0.216 | –0.219 | 0.211 | –0.273 | –0.200 | –0.024 | –0.352 |
| P-value | 0.228 | 0.214 | 0.187 | 0.180 | 0.282 | 0.102 | 0.222 | 0.882 | 0.026 | |
| HADS-D | Rho | –0.141 | –0.184 | –0.221 | –0.189 | 0.249 | –0.314 | –0.263 | 0.077 | –0.279 |
| P-value | 0.391 | 0.277 | 0.177 | 0.250 | 0.201 | 0.058 | 0.106 | 0.629 | 0.081 | |
| EQ-5D | Rho | 0.135 | –0.043 | 0.044 | 0.056 | 0.212 | 0.106 | 0.112 | 0.131 | 0.183 |
| P-value | 0.414 | 0.802 | 0.792 | 0.737 | 0.279 | 0.534 | 0.497 | 0.409 | 0.260 | |
| Non-acral site (n = 53) | ||||||||||
| TNM stage 0–I (n = 19) | ||||||||||
| HADS-A | Rho | –0.130 | –0.287 | 0.138 | –0.332 | –0.072 | –0.164 | –0.204 | 0.056 | –0.017 |
| P-value | 0.584 | 0.280 | 0.574 | 0.209 | 0.768 | 0.503 | 0.402 | 0.813 | 0.942 | |
| HADS-D | Rho | –0.199 | –0.352 | –0.211 | –0.395 | –0.411 | –0.440 | –0.534 | –0.317 | –0.322 |
| P-value | 0.401 | 0.181 | 0.387 | 0.130 | 0.080 | 0.059 | *0.018 | 0.151 | 0.055 | |
| EQ-5D | Rho | –0.333 | –0.429 | –0.196 | –0.250 | –0.246 | –0.519 | –0.468 | –0.333 | –0.435 |
| P-value | 0.151 | 0.097 | 0.421 | 0.350 | 0.309 | *0.023 | *0.043 | 0.151 | 0.055 | |
| TNM stage II–IV (n = 34) | ||||||||||
| HADS-A | Rho | 0.032 | –0.304 | 0.012 | 0.205 | 0.073 | –0.104 | –0.421 | 0.311 | –0.231 |
| P-value | 0.864 | 0.102 | 0.948 | 0.269 | 0.718 | 0.570 | *0.018 | 0.078 | 0.197 | |
| HADS-D | Rho | 0.325 | –0.069 | 0.169 | 0.267 | 0.238 | 0.176 | –0.017 | 0.425 | –0.085 |
| P-value | 0.070 | 0.719 | 0.363 | 0.147 | 0.231 | 0.334 | 0.929 | *0.014 | 0.639 | |
| EQ-5D | Rho | 0.344 | –0.160 | 0.363 | 0.397 | 0.157 | 0.190 | 0.173 | 0.457 | 0.232 |
| P-value | 0.054 | 0.398 | *0.044 | *0.027 | 0.435 | 0.297 | 0.352 | †0.008 | 0.193 | |
HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression Subscale. EQ-5D, standardized measuring tool of health-related QOL. †P < 0.01; *P < 0.05 using Spearman’s rank correlation.