TABLE 5.
Associations of cytokine- and depression-related gene mutations with anxiety, depression, and QOL.
| Gene mutations | HADS-A score (mean ± SD) |
HADS-D score (mean ± SD) |
EQ-5D score (mean ± SD) |
||||||
| Present | Absent | P-value | Present | Absent | P-value | Present | Absent | P-value | |
| Cytokine-related genes | |||||||||
| IL-4 | 4.7 ± 2.6 | 4.4 ± 2.8 | 0.755 | 6.0 ± 4.4 | 5.3 ± 3.5 | 0.695 | 6.4 ± 2.0 | 6.6 ± 1.5 | 0.444 |
| IL-5 | 7.3 ± 4.4 | 4.4 ± 2.7 | 0.073 | 7.6 ± 1.5 | 5.3 ± 3.6 | 0.184 | 6.3 ± 0.6 | 6.5 ± 1.6 | 0.902 |
| IL-10 | 4.5 ± 6.4 | 4.4 ± 2.7 | 0.967 | 5.5 ± 7.8 | 5.4 ± 3.6 | 0.915 | 7.5 ± 3.5 | 6.5 ± 1.5 | 0.805 |
| IL-12a | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 4.5 ± 2.8 | 0.459 | 5.5 ± 2.1 | 5.4 ± 3.6 | 0.805 | 6.5 ± 2.1 | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 0.941 |
| IL-12b | 2.9 ± 2.7 | 4.6 ± 2.7 | *0.031 | 3.9 ± 2.8 | 5.5 ± 3.6 | 0.086 | 6.9 ± 1.7 | 6.5 ± 1.5 | 0.382 |
| Depression-related genes | |||||||||
| SLC6A4 | 5.1 ± 2.7 | 4.2 ± 2.7 | 0.091 | 6.2 ± 3.7 | 5.1 ± 3.5 | 0.081 | 7.0 ± 1.6 | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 0.083 |
| SLC6A3 | 4.3 ± 2.6 | 4.5 ± 2.9 | 0.721 | 6.1 ± 4.0 | 5.0 ± 3.3 | 0.110 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 6.3 ± 1.5 | *0.017 |
| HTR2A | 4.0 ± 2.1 | 4.5 ± 2.8 | 0.834 | 6.7 ± 2.9 | 5.3 ± 3.6 | 0.208 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 0.841 |
| DRD4 | 3.9 ± 2.7 | 4.8 ± 2.7 | 0.051 | 4.7 ± 3.1 | 5.8 ± 3.8 | 0.092 | 6.3 ± 1.3 | 6.7 ± 1.7 | 0.230 |
| COMT | 4.3 ± 3.0 | 4.5 ± 2.6 | 0.653 | 5.3 ± 3.5 | 5.4 ± 3.6 | 0.805 | 6.6 ± 1.7 | 6.6 ± 1.5 | 0.630 |
| TH | 4.6 ± 2.6 | 4.4 ± 2.8 | 0.718 | 5.7 ± 4.0 | 5.3 ± 3.6 | 0.784 | 7.0 ± 1.9 | 6.5 ± 1.5 | 0.364 |
| MAOA | 4.5 ± 4.4 | 4.4 ± 2.7 | 0.912 | 5.8 ± 3.8 | 5.3 ± 3.6 | 0.559 | 6.3 ± 1.3 | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 0.473 |
HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety Subscale; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression Subscale. EQ-5D, standardized measuring tool of health-related QOL. *P < 0.05 using Mann–Whitney-U test.