Table 1.
Demographic and clinical information of participants
| BD-Dep | MDD-Dep | HC | p values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 28 | 20 | 111 | |
| Female (# / %) | 21 / 75 | 16 / 80 | 59 / 53 | 0.02* |
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 20.0 ± 2.1 | 19.3 ± 2.6 | 20.2 ± 2.7 | 0.29 |
| Right handedness (# / %) | 27 / 96 | 19 / 95 | 105 / 93 | 0.93 |
| History of suicide attempt (# / %) | 10 / 36 | 7 / 35 | 0.96 | |
| HDRS (Mean ± SE) | 22.4 ± 2.1a | 23.7 ± 3.3b | 1.0 ± 0.2c | <.0001* |
| YMRS (Mean ± SE) | 3.8 ± 1.2 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.1d | <.0001* |
| Current Comorbidities (# / %) | ||||
| ADHD | - | 1 / 5e | ||
| Anxiety Disorders | 7 / 25 | 8 / 40 | ||
| GAD | 3 / 11 | 2 / 10 | ||
| PTSD | 2 / 7 | 2 / 10 | ||
| Social Phobia | 2 / 7 | 2 / 10 | ||
| Panic Disorder | 1 / 4 | 2 / 10 | ||
| Specific Phobia | 1 / 4 | - | ||
| OCD | 1 / 4 | - | ||
| Eating Disorders | 1 / 4 | 2 / 10 | ||
| Dysthymia | - | 2 / 10 | ||
| Current Medications (# / %) | ||||
| Second Generation Antipsychotics | 8 / 29 | 5 / 25 | ||
| Anticonvulsants | 7 / 25 | 3 / 15 | ||
| Lithium | 5 / 18 | - | ||
| Antidepressants | 4 / 14 | 9 / 45 | ||
| Benzodiazepines | 6 / 21 | 2 / 10 | ||
| Stimulants | 3 / 11 | 2 / 10 | ||
| Levothyroxine | 1 / 4 | - | ||
| Unmedicated at Scan | 12 / 43 | 8 / 40 | 0.85 |
Abbreviations: BD, Bipolar Disorder; BD-Dep, Bipolar Depression; MDD-Dep, Major Depression; SD, Standard Deviation; SE, Standard Error; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; HDRS-29, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; ADHD, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder; PTSD, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; OCD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Handedness of all participants was self-reported.
Ninety-five percent of HCs were right-handed; HCs had an average HDRS-29 score of 0.97±0.24 (mean±standard error) and YMRS score of 0.51±0.09.
*
Significant at p< 0.05.
a:
n = 24;
b:
n = 11;
c:
n = 78;
d:
n = 110;
e
This 1 participant was under 18 and was assessed by K-SADS-PL.