. 2022 Nov 14;28(42):6017–6033. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i42.6017

Table 2.

Summary of case reports

Ref.	Patient	Case information	Laboratory data		Clinical course
Improved without delivery
Anness and Siddiqui[114], 2020	35 y/o G2P1, GA 28⁵w, PMH: IHCP	CC: Progressive dyspnea and cough; vitals: HR 133, RR 42, O2 96%; chest CT: Patchy peri-hilar inflammatory changes; differential: ICHP vs ICHP + COVID-19 vs COVID-19	AST		Normal bile acids @ GA 20
			ALT	571	↑ Bile acids and NO itch
			Bilirubin	0.76	Conservative management
			PLC	135	LFTs resolved with COVID-10
			CRP	60	Discharged home
			LDH	194	Healthy delivery at GA 39¹
			Ferritin
Azimi et al[115], 2021	27 y/o G2P1, GA 30 wk	CC: Headache and lower limb pain; vitals: BP 100/70, HR 90-100; chest CT: Peripheral GGO’s + consolidation; differential: HELLP vs systemic lupus vs COVID-19	AST	126	No delivery
			ALT	89	LFTs resolved with COVID-19
			Bilirubin	2.3	Discharged at GA 33
			PLC	220	Healthy delivery at GA 39
			CRP	114
			LDH	1036
			Ferritin	1360
Naeh et al[116], 2022	39 y/o G5P1, GA 26⁴wk	CC: Dry cough and dyspnea; vitals: BP 152/132, HR 141, RR 20, SpO2 96%; chest CT: Patchy multi-focal GGO’s; differential: PEC with severe features vs COVID-19	AST	1154	Evaluated for PEC with PIGF
			ALT	864	PIGF 158 (high)→No delivery
			Bilirubin		LFTs resolving with COVID-10
			PLC	WNL	Discharged HD13; AST 331
			CRP		Healthy delivery at GA 39²
			LDH	1018
			Ferritin
Improved with delivery
Ronnje et al[117], 2020	26 y/o, G2P1, GA 32¹wk	CC: Cough, fever. Dyspnea, abdominal pain; vitals: BP 116/71, HR 113, RR 22, SpO2 95; chest CT bilateral diffuse GGO; differential: aHELLP vs COVID-19	AST	1687	5 d earlier normal labs
			ALT	348	Delivery on HD2 @ GA 32⁶
			Bilirubin	1.23	LFTs trend down after delivery
			PLC	122
			CRP	136
			LDH	2039
			Ferritin	875
Arslan et al[118], 2022	30 y/o G3P2, GA 32 wk	CC: 6 d of chills, cough, dyspnea; vitals: RR 26, SpO2 84%; chest CT bilateral GGO’s + peripheral thickening; differential: HELLP vs PEC vs AFLP vs SLE vs COVID-19	AST	146	HD 2: BP 185/120, + proteinuria, intubated, IV nitroprusside
			ALT	102	HD 3: Cardiac injury, ↓ PLC, ↑ fetal distress→ Cesarean section
			Bilirubin	2.54	HD4: LFTs improved
			PLC	59	Patient + child died
			CRP	215
			LDH	697
			Ferritin
Delivery without improvement in 24-72 h of delivery (or other)
Madaan et al[119], 2022	26 y/o G1P0, GA 39w	CC: RUQ pain and headache; vitals: BP 160/100, HR 98, SpO2 95%; chest CT: Bilateral diffuse GGO’s; differential: Not given	AST	589	Suspicion of HELLP→ Cesarean section
			ALT	300	Improved over hospitalization and LFTs trended down (no timeline given)
			Bilirubin	9.4
			PLC	90
			CRP	78.5
			LDH	3100
			Ferritin	734
Choudhary et al[120], 2021	27 y/o G1P0, GA 35 wk, di-di twins	CC: Cough, fever, abdominal pain; vitals: BP 142/94, HR 88, RR 20. SpO2 98%; chest X-ray: Bilateral basal opacities; differential: aHELLP vs PEC vs AFLP vs COVID 19	AST	728.5	Suspicion of aHELLP→Cesarean-section
			ALT	473.2	POD 0: Hypo-glycemia, altered mentation, ↑ bilirubin→AFLP
			Bilirubin	4.9	Transfer to ICU + IV labetalol
			PLC	162	POD 8 discharged, normal LFT’s
			CRP	22
			LDH	96.9
			Ferritin	120

Gestational age is noted as week^d. Vitals reported as: BP: Blood pressure (mmHg); HR: Heart rate (beats per minute); RR: Respiratory rate (breaths per minute); Spo2: Oxygen saturation (%). Laboratory values are reported with the following standardized units: AST: Aspartate aminotransaminase (U/L); ALT: Alanine aminotransaminase (U/L); bilirubin (mg/dL); PLC: Platelet count (× 10³/ mm); CRP: C-reactive protein (mg/dL); LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase (u/L); ferritin (ng/dL). PEC: Pre-ec clampsia; HELLP: Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets; Ahellp: Atypical HELLP; AFLP: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy; ICHP: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy/obstetric cholestasis; CT: Computed tomography; GGO: Ground glass opacities; GA: Gestational age; WNL: Within normal limits; LFTs: Liver function tests; HD: Hospital day; C-section: Cesarean section; POD: Post-operative day; ICU: Intensive care unit.