Table 3. Association Between Knowledge of Genome Sequencing and Trust in Medical Researchers Among Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
| Model/variable | Adjusted mean knowledge scorea | Mean difference (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 b (trust score only), quartile | |||
| 1st (<25) | 5.80 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 2nd (≥25 to <32) | 6.45 | 0.65 (−0.09 to 1.39) | .50 |
| 3rd (≥32 to <37) | 8.50 | 2.70 (1.94-3.46) | <.001 |
| 4th (37 to 44) | 10.74 | 4.94 (4.20-5.68) | <.001 |
| Model 2 c (trust + race and ethnicity) | |||
| Trust, quartile | |||
| 1st (<25) | 5.92 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 2nd (≥25 to <32) | 6.35 | 0.42 (−0.31 to 1.16) | 1.00 |
| 3rd (≥32 to <37) | 8.07 | 2.15 (1.38-2.93) | <.001 |
| 4th (37-44) | 10.14 | 4.22 (3.45-5.00) | <.001 |
| Race and ethnicityd | |||
| Hispanic | 7.12 | −1.55 (−2.64 to −0.46) | .02 |
| Non-Hispanic | |||
| Black | 7.07 | −1.60 (−2.21 to −0.99) | <.001 |
| White | 8.67 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Model 3 e (trust + race and ethnicity + education attainment) | |||
| Trust, quartile | |||
| 1st (<25) | 5.95 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 2nd (≥25 to <32) | 6.37 | 0.41 (−0.33 to 1.15) | 1.00 |
| 3rd (≥32 to <37) | 7.90 | 1.95 (1.17-2.73) | <.001 |
| 4th (37-44) | 9.99 | 4.04 (3.26-4.82) | <.001 |
| Race and ethnicityd | |||
| Hispanic | 7.23 | −1.24 (−2.31 to −0.17) | .07 |
| Non-Hispanic | |||
| Black | 6.96 | −1.51 (−2.12 to −0.90) | <.001 |
| White | 8.47 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Education attainment, y | |||
| ≤12 | 6.83 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| >12 | 8.28 | 1.45 (0.91-2.00) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
Mean knowledge scores by trust in medical researchers across racial and ethnic groups were modeled using a linear mixed model with a site random effect. Model parameters were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood; all tests and Wald 95% CIs used the Kenward-Roger corrected covariance matrix and denominator degrees of freedom.
Model 1 included fixed effects for trust score quartile only.
Model 2 added fixed effects for race and ethnicity.
Race and ethnicity were self-reported.
Model 3 added a fixed effect for educational attainment to model 2. Adjusting for age at enrollment, health status, and duration of dilated cardiomyopathy did not alter the results (data not shown). There was no interaction between race and ethnicity and trust in medical researchers in model 3.