Table 3.
Predicted mean and 95% confidence interval of daily per capita purchase of minimally processed and ultra-processed beverages according to quartiles of proportion of energy derived from ultra-processed foods and beverages.
| Quartiles of UPF | 2002–03 | 2008–09 | 2017–18 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ml (95%CI) | ml (95%CI) | ml (95%CI) | |
| MINIMALLY PROCESSED BEVERAGES | |||
| Q1 | 169.88 (149.37–190.38) | 128.87 (115.07–142.66) | 108.85 (100.44–117.27)d |
| Q2 | 161.94 (141.41–182.46) | 109.32 (99.44–119.20)c | 98.99 (92.07–105.92)d |
| Q3 | 143.63 (127.53–159.73) | 105.91 (94.32–117.50)c | 95.34 (87.20–103.49)d |
| Q4 | 148.88 (132.44–165.31) | 113.98 (99.53–128.43)c | 98.07 (87.70–108.45)d |
| Whole milk | |||
| Q1 | 168.51 (147.96–189.05) | 119.88 (105.74–134.03)c | 103.74 (95.36–112.11)d |
| Q2 | 160.09 (139.57–180.62) | 98.00 (88.36–107.65)c | 91.58 (84.65–98.50)d |
| Q3 | 141.55 (125.28–157.82) | 95.28 (83.91–106.65)c | 89.09 (81.24–96.94)d |
| Q4 | 146.60 (130.15–163.04) | 99.71 (85.27–114.14)c | 86.24 (76.13–96.34)d |
| Skimmed milk | |||
| Q1 | - | 8.91 (7.46–10.36) | 5.07 (4.21–5.94)c |
| Q2 | - | 11.26 (9.61–12.90) | 7.35 (6.24–8.45)c |
| Q3 | - | 10.53 (8.29–12.77) | 6.16 (4.69–7.63)c |
| Q4 | - | 14.19 (9.84–18.54) | 11.74 (8.77–14.70) |
| Natural yogurts | |||
| Q1 | 0.06 (−0.01–0.13) | 0.07 (−0.00–0.14) | 0.04 (0.01–0.07) |
| Q2 | 0.07 (−0.02–0.15) | 0.06 (0.02–0.10) | 0.07 (0.04–0.10) |
| Q3 | 0.04 (0.01–0.07) | 0.09 (0.02–0.17) | 0.09 (0.03–0.15) |
| Q4 | 0.02 (−0.00–0.06) | 0.08 (0.01–0.16) | 0.10 (0.03–016) |
| ULTRA-PROCESSED BEVERAGES | |||
| Q1 | 73.75 (57.25–90.25) | 71.90 (53.72–90.08) | 101.67 (84.32–119.02) |
| Q2 | 116.48 (96.86–136.10) | 101.32 (89.59–113.05) | 145.47 (117.60–173.35)c, d |
| Q3 | 132.54 (105.82–159.25) | 129.19 (106.54–151.85) | 119.77 (89.61–149.93) |
| Q4 | 152.43 (126.13–178.73) | 147.02 (118.82–175.23) | 133.46 (106.88–160.05) |
| Regular soft drinks | |||
| Q1 | 67.94 (51.57–84.31) | 63.63 (45.58–81.68) | 94.92 (77.61–112.24) |
| Q2 | 109.48 (90.19–128.77) | 90.89 (79.45–102.33) | 134.77 (106.92–162.62)c |
| Q3 | 125.99 (99.44–152.55) | 117.18 (94.94–139.41) | 104.02 (73.92–134.13) |
| Q4 | 138.24 (112.90–163.59) | 124.69 (97.85–151.53) | 112.00 (86.26–137.74) |
| Diet/light soft drinks | |||
| Q1 | - | 1.98 (1.51–2.44) | 0.53 (0.29–0.77)c |
| Q2 | - | 2.10 (1.60–2.60) | 0.63 (0.38–0.89)c |
| Q3 | - | 2.71 (1.85–3.58) | 1.25 (0.68–1.82)c |
| Q4 | - | 5.37 (2.96–7.77) | 1.92 (0.84–2.99) |
| Other drinks (diet/light and regular)b | |||
| Q1 | 5.81 (4.11–7.51) | 6.29 (5.35–7.26) | 6.22 (5.44–7.00) |
| Q2 | 7.00 (5.29–8.71) | 8.33 (7.28–9.38) | 10.06 (9.18–10.95)d |
| Q3 | 6.55 (4.13–8.96) | 9.30 (7.56–11.04) | 14.49 (12.82–16.17)c, d |
| Q4 | 14.18 (10.14–18.22) | 16.96 (13.12–20.80) | 19.55 (16.58–22.51) |
Brazilian Household Budget Surveys, 2002–2003; 2008–2009; 2017–2018.
Mean based on linear regression models the expected values for income control (values predicted by model);
in 2002–2003, included dairy drinks without yogurt; regular artificial juices or teas; regular and diet/light soymilk powder; in 2008–2009 and 2017–2018 included dairy drinks without yogurt; regular artificial juices or teas; regular and diet/light soymilk powder; diet/light yogurts; diet/light milk-based drinks; and diet/light artificial juices and teas;
significant difference compared to the previous year, based on lack of overlap between the intervals;
significant difference between the years: 2002–2003 and 2017–2018, based on lack of overlap between the intervals.