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. 2022 Nov 3;13:951311. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.951311

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Copyright © 2022 Fang, Huang, Xie, Yang, Wang, Huang and Song.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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LUADSenLncSig-based GSEA of different risk groups. (A) Based on the GSEA results, the KEGG genes were differentially enriched for senescence-related lncRNA expression. Five KEGG items, the cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, oocyte meiosis, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-lacto and neolacto series, and adherens junction were enriched in the high-risk group. Asthma, intestinal immune network for IgA production, hematopoietic cell lineage, autoimmune thyroid disease, and T cell receptor signaling pathway were enriched in the low-risk group based on the NES, NOM p-value, and FDR q-value (B) Differential enrichment of genes in GO with senescence-related lncRNAs. Five GO items, spindle localization, establishment of spindle orientation, establishment of mitotic spindle localization, cadherin binding, and microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis showed a significant differential enrichment in the high expression phenotype. The other five GO terms, negative regulation of adaptive immune response, mast cell activation involved in immune response, T cell activation involved in immune response, T cell differentiation involved in immune response, and negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity, were found significantly enriched in the low expression phenotype based on the NES, NOM p-value, and FDR q-value. The reference files from the (MSigDB) were c2. cp.kegg.v7.4. symbols.gmt and c5. go.v7.4 symbols. gmt (http://software.broadinstitute.org/gsea/msigdb/index.jsp). LncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; LUADSenLncSig, LUAD senescence lncRNA signature; GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome; NES, normalized enrichment score; NOM p-value, nominal p-value; FDR, false detection rate; GO, Gene Ontology; MSigDB, Molecular Signatures Database.