Table 3.
Percent prevalencea of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and odds ratios (OR)b for obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) versus non-obesity (BMI <30 kg/m2) with corresponding 95% CI according to selected individual-level characteristics and geographic area, overall and by sex − The TackSHS survey, 2017–2018
| Characteristics | Total | Men | Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N c | obesity prevalence, % | OR (95% CI) | N c | obesity prevalence, % | OR (95% CI) | N c | obesity prevalence, % | OR (95% CI) | |
| Total | 10,810 | 12.6 | − | 5,163 | 11.3 | − | 5,647 | 13.8 | − |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Men | 5,163 | 11.3 | 1d | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Women | 5,647 | 13.8 | 1.23 (1.09–1.39) | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Age, years | |||||||||
| <25 | 1,001 | 5.1 | 1d | 536 | 4.9 | 1d | 465 | 5.3 | 1d |
| 25–44 | 3,851 | 10.3 | 2.02 (1.51–2.70) | 1,835 | 8.1 | 1.64 (1.09–2.47) | 2,016 | 12.3 | 2.41 (1.59–3.64) |
| 45–64 | 4,042 | 14.9 | 3.10 (2.33–4.13) | 1,856 | 14.5 | 3.11 (2.08–4.64) | 2,186 | 15.3 | 3.14 (2.08–4.73) |
| ≥65 | 1,916 | 16.4 | 3.41 (2.52–4.62) | 936 | 15.2 | 3.14 (2.05–4.83) | 980 | 17.4 | 3.66 (2.38–5.63) |
| p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Level of educatione | |||||||||
| High | 3,063 | 11.2 | 1d | 1,382 | 10.0 | 1d | 1,681 | 12.3 | 1d |
| Intermediate | 3,813 | 10.3 | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 1,864 | 9.9 | 1.05 (0.83–1.34) | 1,949 | 10.7 | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) |
| Low | 3,933 | 15.7 | 1.31 (1.13–1.53) | 1,916 | 13.6 | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) | 2,017 | 17.5 | 1.38 (1.12–1.70) |
| p for trend | <0.001 | 0.069 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Socioeconomic statusf | |||||||||
| High | 1,459 | 11.0 | 1d | 746 | 10.2 | 1d | 713 | 11.9 | 1d |
| Average | 5,667 | 12.9 | 1.23 (1.02–1.49) | 2,695 | 11.9 | 1.20 (0.90–1.59) | 2,972 | 13.9 | 1.24 (0.95–1.62) |
| Low | 2,727 | 16.0 | 1.42 (1.14–1.76) | 1,246 | 13.0 | 1.21 (0.87–1.69) | 1,481 | 18.4 | 1.57 (1.17–2.10) |
| p for trend | 0.002 | 0.307 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 5,726 | 12.1 | 1d | 2,272 | 10.6 | 1d | 3,454 | 13.1 | 1d |
| Current smoker | 3,146 | 10.2 | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) | 1,743 | 8.5 | 0.76 (0.61–0.95) | 1,403 | 12.4 | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) |
| Ex-smoker | 1,938 | 17.9 | 1.41 (1.22–1.64) | 1,148 | 17.2 | 1.39 (1.12–1.71) | 790 | 18.9 | 1.40 (1.14–1.73) |
| Geographic areag | |||||||||
| Northern Europe | 2,559 | 19.0 | 1d | 1,238 | 15.5 | 1d | 1,321 | 21.8 | 1d |
| Western Europe | 1,842 | 8.9 | 0.39 (0.24–0.62) | 886 | 8.8 | 0.48 (0.28–0.81) | 956 | 9.0 | 0.34 (0.21–0.53) |
| Southern Europe | 3,801 | 11.5 | 0.51 (0.31–0.82) | 1,856 | 10.4 | 0.56 (0.33–0.96) | 1,945 | 12.6 | 0.48 (0.30–0.77) |
| Eastern Europe | 2,608 | 16.8 | 0.80 (0.48–1.35) | 1,183 | 15.4 | 0.88 (0.49–1.59) | 1,425 | 18.1 | 0.76 (0.46–1.26) |
aPrevalence estimates were computed weighting each country in proportion to the country-specific adult population. bORs were estimated using multilevel logistic regression models after adjustment for age, level of education, and smoking status and with country as random effect; ORs for the total population were further adjusted for sex. Estimates were weighted for statistical weights that consider country-specific adult population. Figures in bold type are significant at 0.05.c Raw numbers.d Reference category. eThe sum does not add up to the total because of a few missing values. fSelf-assessment of household (family) economic status relative to the country-specific population. This information was missing for Germany. 9Countries were categorized by geographic area according to the classification by the United Nations into Northern (England, Ireland, and Latvia), Western (France and Germany), Southern (Italy, Greece, Portugal, and Spain), and Eastern regions (Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania) [18].