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. 2022 Nov 3;10:1002975. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1002975

Table 1.

Travel modes and speeds adapted from previous studies (7, 47) that were used to compute travel time to the nearest health facility for each road type and land cover category.

Land cover category Speed km/h) Transport mode
Trees cover areas 2.5 Walking
Shrubs cover areas/sparse vegetation 4.5 Walking
Grassland 3.5 Walking
Cropland 4 Walking
Vegetation aquatic or regularly flooded 0 Walking
Bare areas and built-up areas 5 Walking
Open water 0 Walking
Primary roads 50 Motorized
Secondary roads 30 Motorized
County roads 10 Cycling
Rural roads 5 Walking