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. 2022 Nov 17;2022(11):CD014963. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014963.pub2

1. Equity elements of the included studies.

Study/equity‐element Place of residence (World Bank 2021) Age Ethnicity (%) Occupation Sex (% female) Religion Education Socioeconomic status Social capital
Angus 2020 High‐income country (Australia, Canada, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, UK, USA) Mean (years, SD)

  • Fixed‐dose intervention group: 60.4 (11.6)

  • Shock‐dependent intervention group: 59.5 (12.7)

  • Control group: 59.9 (14.6)

 Fixed‐dose intervention group:

  • White: 79 (72.2%)

  • Asian: 18 (16.2%)

  • Black: 4 (3.6%)

  • Mixed: 4 (3.6%)

  • Other: 6 (5.4%)


Shock‐dependent intervention group:

  • White: 80 (76.2%)

  • Asian: 11 (10.5%)

  • Black: 7 (6.7%)

  • Mixed: 0

  • Other: 7 (6.7%)


 
Control group:

  • White: 45 (57%)

  • Asian: 22 (27.9%)

  • Black: 4 (5.1%)

  • Mixed: 2 (2.5%)

  • Other: 6 (7.6%)

 NR

  • Fixed‐dose intervention group: 39 (28.5%)

  • Shock‐dependent intervention group: 43 (29.5%)

  • Control group: 29 (28.7%)

 NR NR NR NR
Corral‐Gudino 2021 High‐income country (Spain) Mean (years, SD)

  • Intervention group: 73 (11)

  • Control group: 66 (12)

 NR NR

  • Intervention group: 11 (32%)

  • Control group: 13 (45%)

 NR NR NR NR
Dequin 2020 High‐income country (France) Median (years, IQR)

  • Intervention group: 63.1 (51.5 to 70.8)

  • Control group: 66.3 (53.5 to 72.7)

 NR NR

  • Intervention group: 22 (28.9%)

  • Control group: 23 (31.5%)

 NR NR NR NR
Edalatifard 2020 Middle‐income country (Iran) Mean (years, SD)

  • Intervention group: 55.8 (16.35)

  • Control group: 61.7 (16.62)

 NR NR

  • Intervention group: 10 (29.4%)

  • Control group: 13 (46.4%)

 NR NR NR NR
Farahani 2021 Middle‐income country (Iran) Mean (years, SD):

  • Intervention group: 61.07 (12.83)

  • Control group: 66.80  (14.03)

 NR NR

  • Intervention group: 4 (28.6%)

  • Control group: 6 (40%)

 NR NR NR NR
Horby 2021 High‐income country (UK) Mean (years, SD):

  • Intervention group: 66.9 (15.4)

  • Control group: 65.8 (15.8)

 Intervention group:

  • White: 1550 (74%)

  • Black, Asian or minority ethnic group: 364 (17%)

  • Unknown: 190 (9%)


Control group:

  • White: 3139 (73%)

  • Black, Asian or minority ethnic group: 783 (18%)

  • Unknown: 399 (9%)

 NR

  • Intervention group: 766 (36%)

  • Control group: 1572 (36%)

 NR NR NR NR
Jamaati 2021 Middle‐income country (Iran) Median (years, IQR)

  • Intervention group survivor: 54 (37 to 63)

  • Intervention group non‐survivor: 63 (55.5 to 72.5)

  • Control group survivor: 61.5 (54 to 62)

  • Control group non‐survivor: 67 (48 to 73)

 NR NR

  • Intervention group: 7 (28%)

  • Control group: 7 (28%)

 NR NR NR NR
Jeronimo 2020 Middle‐income country (Brazil) Mean (years, SD)

  • Intervention group: 54 (15)

  • Control group: 57 (15)

 Intervention group:

  • White: 30 (15.5%)

  • Mixed: 147 (75.8%)

  • Black: 6 (3.1%)

  • Asian: 3 (1.5%)

  • Amerindian: 8 (4.1%)


Control group:

  • White: 28 (14.1%)

  • Mixed: 147 (73.9%)

  • Black: 17 (8.5%)

  • Asian: 3 (1.5%)

  • Amerindian: 4 (2.0%)

 NR

  • Intervention group: 68 (35.1%)

  • Control group: 71 (35.7%)

 NR NR NR NR
Maskin 2021 Middle‐income country (Argentina) Mean age (years, SD)

  • Low‐dose group: 60.04 (13.08)

  • High‐dose group: 63.57 (13.59)

 NR NR

  • Low‐dose dexamethasone: 16 (33%)

  • High‐dose dexamethasone: 13 (26%)

 NR NR NR NR
Munch 2021a High‐income country (Denmark) Median (years, IQR)

  • Intervention group: 59 (52 to 74)

  • Control group: 62 (55 to 71)

 NR NR

  • Intervention group: 2 (12%)

  • Control group: 4 (29%)

 NR NR NR NR
Munch 2021b High‐income country (Denmark, India, Sweden, Switzerland) Median (years, IQR)

  • Low‐dose group: 64 (54 to 72)

  • High‐dose group: 65 (56 to 74)

 NR NR

  • Low‐dose dexamethasone: 154 (32%)

  • High‐dose dexamethasone: 151 (30%)

 NR NR NR NR
Ranjbar 2021 Middle‐income country (Iran) Mean (years, SD)

  • Methylprednisolone group: 56.2 (17.5)

  • Dexamethasone group: 61.3 (17.3)

 NR NR

  • Methylprednisolone group: 17 (38.6%)

  • Dexamethasone group: 20 (47.6%)

 NR NR NR NR
Taboada 2021 High‐income country (Spain) Mean age (years, SD)

  • Low‐dose group: 64.8 (14.1)

  • High‐dose group: 63.9 (14.5)

 NR NR

  • Low‐dose dexamethasone: 41 (39.6%)

  • High‐dose dexamethasone: 36 (36.7%)

 NR NR NR NR
Tang 2021 Middle‐income country (China) Median (years, IQR)

  • Intervention group: 57 (49 to 67)

  • Control group: 55 (38 to 65)

 NR NR

  • Intervention group: 22 (51.2%)

  • Control group: 23 (53.5%)

 NR NR NR NR
Tomazini 2020 Middle‐income country (Brazil) Mean (years, SD)

  • Intervention group: 60.1 (15.8)

  • Control group: 62.7 (13.1)

 NR NR

  • Intervention group: 61 (40.4%)

  • Control group: 51 (34.5%)

 NR NR NR NR
Toroghi 2021 Middle‐income country (Iran) Mean age (years, SD)

  • Low‐dose group (8 mg once a day): 59 (14)

  • Intermediate‐dose group (8 mg twice a day): 59 (17)

  • High‐dose group (8 mg 3 times a day): 56 (16)

 NR NR

  • Low‐dose dexamethasone: 19 (40.4%)

  • High‐dose dexamethasone: 34 (39.5%)

 NR NR NR NR

NR: not reported; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range