Table 3.
The association between UPFs and allergic symptoms, stratified by selected subgroups in children.
| IgE | Allergy | Current asthma | Eczema | Hay fever | Rash | Sneeze | Wheeze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 6–11 | Q1 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.05(0.38, 2.86) | 1.33(0.49,3.62) | 2.02(0.94, 4.36) | 1.23(0.51, 2.98) | 3.91(0.82, 18.59) | 1.34(0.49, 3.66) | 1.18(0.50, 2.82) | 1.13(0.56, 2.30) | ||
| Q3 | 0.50(0.20, 1.26) | 0.95(0.31,2.88) | 1.59(0.49, 5.15) | 2.57(1.15, 5.75) | 1.61(0.15, 17.20) | 2.01(0.75, 5.39) | 0.79(0.28, 2.24) | 0.93(0.48, 1.81) | ||
| Q4 | 0.94(0.49, 1.79) | 2.69(1.28,5.66) | 2.12(0.78, 5.75) | 1.13(0.48, 2.70) | 2.50(0.39, 15.94) | 0.56(0.15, 2.14) | 1.46(0.69, 3.09) | 1.38(0.60, 3.17) | ||
| 12–19 | Q2 | 0.77(0.56,1.07) | 0.93(0.50,1.75) | 0.69(0.36, 1.33) | 1.08(0.48, 2.44) | 1.26(0.37, 4.25) | 1.67(0.76, 3.68) | 0.94(0.51,1.72) | 1.10(0.59, 2.05) | |
| Q3 | 0.80(0.50,1.28) | 1.46(0.74,2.90) | 0.93(0.51, 1.69) | 0.84(0.39, 1.80) | 0.73(0.25, 2.15) | 0.96(0.36, 2.59) | 0.78(0.44,1.38) | 0.85(0.34, 2.12) | ||
| Q4 | 0.59(0.45,0.78) | 1.00(0.50,2.00) | 1.64(0.89, 3.02) | 1.41(0.53, 3.76) | 0.93(0.29, 3.03) | 1.11(0.61, 2.04) | 1.24(0.80,1.92) | 0.99(0.37, 2.62) | ||
| p for interaction | 0.65 | 0.14 | 0.8 | 0.65 | 0.26 | 0.97 | 0.76 | 0.71 | ||
| Sex | female | Q1 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.11(0.61, 2.01) | 1.44(1.11,1.87) | 1.20(0.68, 2.14) | 2.46(0.80, 7.58) | 4.64(2.02, 10.65) | 1.29(0.58, 2.89) | 1.06(0.57, 1.99) | 0.88(0.41, 1.89) | ||
| Q3 | 0.71(0.42, 1.19) | 1.85(1.10,3.14) | 2.01(0.85, 4.75) | 4.40(1.87,10.33) | 2.17(0.49, 9.53) | 1.60(0.83, 3.09) | 0.88(0.45, 1.73) | 1.54(0.63, 3.77) | ||
| Q4 | 0.65(0.36, 1.20) | 1.87(1.03,3.41) | 1.55(0.71, 3.41) | 2.88(1.05, 7.95) | 2.58(0.79, 8.39) | 0.66(0.28, 1.57) | 1.39(0.89, 2.15) | 1.31(0.58, 2.97) | ||
| male | Q2 | 0.66(0.35,1.26) | 0.77(0.36,1.64) | 1.03(0.59, 1.79) | 0.66(0.28, 1.55) | 0.47(0.11, 2.06) | 1.76(0.54, 5.69) | 0.98(0.49, 1.96) | 1.17(0.70, 1.95) | |
| Q3 | 0.68(0.36,1.27) | 0.81(0.40,1.64) | 0.60(0.29, 1.22) | 0.64(0.29, 1.40) | 0.45(0.14, 1.49) | 0.85(0.27, 2.66) | 0.72(0.33, 1.59) | 0.50(0.21, 1.19) | ||
| Q4 | 0.68(0.38,1.22) | 1.09(0.59,2.02) | 2.04(1.08, 3.83) | 0.72(0.29, 1.82) | 0.65(0.14, 2.96) | 1.04(0.35, 3.10) | 1.27(0.61, 2.63) | 0.91(0.44, 1.88) | ||
| p for interaction | 0.89 | 0.16 | 1.0 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.93 | 0.38 | 0.23 | ||
| Race/ | White | Q1 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 | ref = 1.00 |
| Ethnicity | Q2 | 0.57(0.34,0.96) | 0.93(0.52, 1.66) | 1.21(0.64, 2.29) | 1.09(0.42, 2.85) | 2.79(1.05, 7.38) | 2.11(0.60, 7.49) | 1.04(0.51, 2.15) | 1.41(0.62, 3.18) | |
| Q3 | 0.65(0.28,1.49) | 1.15(0.54, 2.43) | 1.27(0.52, 3.08) | 1.24(0.64, 2.40) | 1.26(0.40, 3.98) | 1.67(0.58, 4.85) | 0.68(0.30, 1.55) | 1.09(0.40, 2.95) | ||
| Q4 | 0.68(0.44,1.05) | 1.28(0.75, 2.19) | 2.08(0.99, 4.37) | 1.08(0.50, 2.36) | 1.03(0.30, 3.49) | 0.89(0.25, 3.20) | 1.15(0.63, 2.09) | 1.17(0.36, 3.84) | ||
| the others | Q2 | 1.25(0.81, 1.92) | 1.44(0.73,2.81) | 0.94(0.58, 1.52) | 1.36(0.61,3.03) | 0.54(0.13, 2.31) | 1.06(0.47, 2.36) | 0.96(0.58,1.60) | 0.74(0.44, 1.26) | |
| Q3 | 0.78(0.50, 1.21) | 1.63(0.91,2.94) | 0.89(0.43, 1.86) | 2.35(1.05,5.29) | 0.75(0.17, 3.40) | 1.06(0.69, 1.64) | 1.11(0.67,1.83) | 0.60(0.36, 1.00) | ||
| Q4 | 0.70(0.45, 1.11) | 1.91(1.02,3.60) | 1.33(0.72, 2.46) | 2.32(0.98,5.47) | 2.27(0.50, 10.26) | 0.86(0.42, 1.79) | 1.70(1.26,2.28) | 1.01(0.66, 1.55) | ||
| p for interaction | 0.67 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.98 | 0.28 | 0.8 | ||
All models were adjusted for gender, age, race/ethnicity, family income ratio, BMI (categorical variables), smoke status (self-reported in adults), tobacco exposure (defined by cotinine), animals, cockroaches, and mildew except the subgroup variable.