Table 1.

Postoperative in-hospital outcomes and complications following HeartMate II implantation by treatment era.

Variables (mean±SD or n [%])	Cohort n=51	Early n=25	Late n=26	P-value
In-hospital mortality	8 (16)	4 (16)	4 (15)	0.95
Length of ICU stay, days	15±15	14±13	18±17	0.40
Length of hospital stay, days	59±41	63±53	55±26	0.48
Postoperative treatment requirements
Milrinone	41 (80)	16 (64)	25 (96)	0.16
Milrinone duration, days	4.5±3	4.0±4	4.9±3	0.50
Epinephrine	40 (78)	16 (64)	24 (92)	0.04
Epinephrine duration, days	5.1±6	2.6±1	7.5±8	0.05
Norepinephrine	43 (84)	17 (68)	26 (100)	0.04
Norepinephrine duration, days	7.7±12	4.1±6	10.9±15	0.13
NO	33 (65)	9 (36)	24 (92)	0.01
NO duration, days	3.2±2.7	2.5±3	3.7±3	0.39
Vasopressin	32 (63)	12 (48)	20 (77)	0.45
Sildenafil	25 (49)	5 (20)	20 (77)	0.006
Bleeding complications
Tamponade	15 (29)	7 (28)	8 (31)	0.83
Major bleeding	20 (40)	13 (52)	7 (27)	0.07
Bleeding leading to death	4 (8)	3 (12)	1 (4)	0.64
Bleeding leading to reoperation	17 (33)	11 (44)	6 (23)	0.95
Kidney complications
AKI	24 (48)	13 (52)	11 (42)	0.49
CVVH	11 (22)	6 (24)	5 (19)	0.56
Hemodialysis	5 (10)	3 (12)	2 (8)	0.61
Maximum creatinine	170±88	229±120	147±44	0.05
Respiratory complications
Tracheostomy	4 (8)	3 (12)	1 (4)	0.28
Respiratory failure requiring MV	7 (14)	5 (20)	2 (8)	0.20
Thrombotic complications
Arterial peripheral embolization	2 (4)	2 (8)	0 (0)	0.14
Stroke	5 (10)	4 (16)	1 (4)	0.15
Infection complications
Sepsis requiring IV antibiotics	14 (27)	6 (24)	8 (31)	0.59
Sepsis leading to death	2 (4)	0 (0)	2 (8)	0.16
Pneumonia	11 (22)	3 (12)	8 (31)	0.10
Driveline infection	1 (2)	1 (4)	0 (0)	0.30
Right heart failure
Inotropic support >7 days	19 (37)	10 (40)	9 (35)	0.69
Mechanical support	4 (8)	3 (12)	1 (4)	0.28

ACI=acute kidney injury; CVVH=continuous venovenous hemofiltration; ICU=intensive care unit; IV=intravenous; MV=mechanical ventilation; NO=nitric oxide