Table 4.
Multivariable analysis using logistic regression models - odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for predictors of hospital mortality up to 30 days after cardiac surgery.
| Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 1.03 | 1.02 - 1.05 | < 0.001 | 1.02 | 1.00 - 1.04 | 0.032 |
| Male sex | 0.76 | 0.52 - 1.10 | 0.140 | |||
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) | 1.07 | 0.70 - 1.66 | 0.748 | |||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2.67 | 1.29 - 5.53 | 0.008 | 3.27 | 1.43 - 7.52 | 0.005 |
| Hypertension | 1.07 | 0.73 - 1.57 | 0.736 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.18 | 0.77 - 1.80 | 0.456 | |||
| Baseline eGFR (each mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.99 | 0.98 - 1.00 | 0.173 | |||
| LVEF ≤ 30% | 1.95 | 1.10 - 3.45 | 0.023 | |||
| Previous cardiac surgery | 2.50 | 1.57 - 3.97 | < 0.001 | |||
| Urgent/emergency surgery | 2.88 | 1.99 - 4.16 | < 0.001 | 1.98 | 1.27 - 3.10 | 0.003 |
| Multi-procedure open heart surgery | 3.05 | 1.93 - 4.80 | < 0.001 | |||
| Cardiopulmonary bypass duration (min) | 1.02 | 1.02 - 1.03 | < 0.001 | 1.01 | 1.01 - 1.02 | <0.001 |
| CSA-AKI | ||||||
| No AKI (reference) | 1.00 | |||||
| KDIGO 1 | 2.17 | 1.28 - 3.67 | 0.004 | 2.02 | 1.16 - 3.51 | 0.013 |
| KDIGO 2 | 15.15 | 8.07 - 28.44 | < 0.001 | 9.18 | 4.54 - 18.58 | < 0.001 |
| KDIGO 3 | 71.65 | 38.72 - 132.57 | < 0.001 | 37.72 | 18.87 - 75.40 | < 0.001 |
AKI=acute kidney injury; BMI=body mass index; CSA-AKI=cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury; eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; KDIGO=Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction