Table 2.

Diabetes-related characteristics between group 1 and group 2 at the first-stage revision arthroplasty

Variables	Group 1: HbA1c < 7 (n = 44)	Group 2: HbA1c ≥ 7 (n = 44)	p
Diabetes subtype
Type 1	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1
Type 2	44 (100%)	44 (100%)
Duration of Diabetes, years (SD)	9.59 (5.50)	11.5 (5.52)	0.3
Fasting glucose, mmol/l (SD)	152 (60.2)	300 (145)	< 0.001*
HbA1c (1st stage), % (SD)	6.26 (0.539)	10.1 (1.68)	< 0.001*
HbA1c (last stage), % (SD)	6.32 (0.342)	6.86 (1.10)	0.116
Self-reported drug intake (N, %)	5.00 (22.7%)	9.00 (40.9%)	0.332
No glucose-lowering drugs	2 (4.5%)	4 (9.1%)	1
Anti-diabetic agent
Metformin	18 (40.9%)	26 (59.1%)	0.366
GLP-1 receptor agonist (Liraglutide, dulaglutide, soliqua)	0 (0%)	2 (4.5%)	1
SGLT2 inhibitor (Empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin)	0 (0%)	2 (4.5%)	1
Sulfonylurea (Glipizide, Glimepiride, Gliclazide)	8 (18.2%)	24 (54.5%)	0.0268*
Glinides (Mitiglinde, Repaglinide, Nateglinide)	0 (0%)	2 (4.5%)	1
TZD (Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone)	2 (4.5%)	2 (4.5%)	1
DPP4 inhibitor (Saxagliptin, Linagliptin, Alogliptin, Vildagliptin)	2 (4.5%)	18 (40.9%)	0.00934*
Acarbose	0 (0%)	12 (27.3%)	0.0211
Insulin only	0 (0%)	8 (18.2%)	0.108
Insulin combined with other OAD	4 (9.1%)	20 (45.5%)	0.0157*
ACE inhibitor or ARB	4 (9.1%)	20 (45.5%)	0.0157*
Diuretic	8 (18.2%)	10 (22.7%)	1
Calcium antagonist	16 (36.4%)	20 (45.5%)	0.759
Beta blocker	10 (22.7%)	20 (45.5%)	0.203
Other antihypertensive drug	14 (31.8%)	14 (31.8%)	1
Any antihypertensive drug	10 (22.7%)	8 (18.2%)	1
Statin	12 (27.3%)	10 (22.7%)	1
Fibrate	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1
Antiplatelet therapy	0 (0%)	4 (9.1%)	0.488
Anti-coagulant	10 (22.7%)	12 (27.3%)	1

HbA1c glycohemoglobin, SD standard deviation, GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1, SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, TZD thiazolidinedione, DPP4 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4, OAD oral anti-diabetic drug, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin II receptor blockers

^*p value < 0.05