Table 2.

Results from Logistic regression model showing factors associated with under-five mortality in India (2019–21)

	Odd Ratio (95% confidence interval)
Under-five Mortality	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Place of Residence
Urban @R
Rural	1.55***[1.46,1.64]	1.15***[1.08,1.22]	1.03 [0.97,1.10]
Demographic variables
Sex of Child
Male @R
Female		0.90***[0.87,0.93]	0.90***[0.87,0.93]
Birth Interval
First Birth @R
2nd order birth & BI< 24 months		1.28***[1.20,1.36]	1.28***[1.20,1.35]
2nd order birth & BI> = 24 months		0.61***[0.58,0.64]	0.61***[0.58,0.65]
3rd or more order birth and BI< 24 months		1.71***[1.63,1.81]	1.71***[1.62,1.80]
3rd or more order birth and BI> = 24 months		0.72***[0.68,0.76]	0.72***[0.68,0.76]
Mother’s age at first birth
Less than 20 years @R
20–29 years		0.89***[0.85,0.93]	0.90***[0.86,0.94]
> 29 years		0.96 [0.84,1.10]	0.98 [0.85,1.12]
Socio-economic variables
Maternal Education
No Education @R
Primary Education		0.93**[0.88,0.98]	0.94*[0.89,1.00]
Secondary Education		0.72***[0.68,0.75]	0.76***[0.73,0.81]
Higher Education		0.46***[0.41,0.51]	0.54***[0.48,0.60]
Mass Media Exposure
No Exposed @R
Partially exposed		0.90***[0.86,0.94]	0.95*[0.90,0.99]
Exposed		0.64**[0.46,0.88]	0.70*[0.51,0.97]
Religion
Hindu @R
Muslim		0.81***[0.76,0.86]	0.82***[0.77,0.87]
Christian		0.86*[0.75,1.00]	0.89 [0.77,1.02]
Other		0.95 [0.84,1.07]	1 [0.89,1.13]
Caste
SC @R
ST		0.96 [0.90,1.03]	0.94 [0.88,1.01]
OBC		0.93**[0.88,0.97]	0.95*[0.91,1.00]
Other		0.87***[0.82,0.93]	0.91**[0.85,0.97]
Wealth Index
Poorest @R
Poorer			0.93**[0.88,0.98]
Middle			0.86***[0.81,0.92]
Richer			0.74***[0.69,0.81]
Richest			0.64***[0.58,0.70]
Other
Region
East India @R
South India		0.75***[0.70,0.81]	0.80***[0.74,0.86]
North East India		0.86***[0.79,0.94]	0.84***[0.77,0.92]
Central India		1.12***[1.07,1.18]	1.16***[1.10,1.22]
North India		0.83***[0.78,0.88]	0.92**[0.86,0.98]
West India		0.71***[0.66,0.78]	0.75***[0.69,0.82]

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001